功能叠加视角下城市减灾能力提升的法治路径  

Legal Approach to Improve Urban Disaster Reduction Capacity from the Perspective of Functional Superposition

作　　者：王建平[1,2] 李臻 WANG Jian-ping;LI Zhen

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院 [2]四川大学-香港理工大学灾后重建与管理学院

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期167-178,192,共13页Journal of South China Normal University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“防大灾救大险法治能力提升研究”(18VFH020);四川大学中央高校基本科研业务费学科前沿与交叉创新研究项目“灾害法学基本问题研究”(skqy201506)。

摘　　要：在中国,城市功能叠加与城市灾害生成之间有内在联系,根源在于城市防灾减灾救灾能力不强,且出现效用克减现象。城市减灾“一案三制”应急指导思想始终存在明显偏差,难以通过系统的灾前预防、临灾应急和灾后重建来减轻城市灾害造成的损害;相反,却引发了相关法律法规效用的不当消减。为此,应当制定专门的“城市法”,将“一岗双责”“终身负责制”和“灾害终结报告制度”引入城市减灾法治能力的提升当中,这将有利于国家严格控制大城市规模、合理发展中等城市和小城市,让中国的大中小各级各类城市,真正成为“BCBL”理念下适宜人居的安全城市。In China,there is an intrinsic link between urban functional superposition and urban disaster.The root cause lies in the fact that the city s disaster prevention,mitigation and disaster relief capabilities are not strong,and there is a sign of reduction.The article analyzes the“cold answer”of the urban flood disaster to the space-time validity of the“Flood Control Law of the People s Republic of China”,the repeated call of the urban earthquake disaster to the construction safety of the“Law of the People s Republic of China on Protecting against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters”,and the negative response of urban fire to the force of the“Fire Protection Law of the People s Republic of China”.In terms of the legal approach to improve urban disaster prevention,mitigation and relief capabilities,the article puts forward several innovative proposals including enacting“Municipal Law of the People s Republic of China”which positions urban disaster reduction responsibilities,conducting“one job,two responsibilities”,“lifelong responsibility system”in urban disaster reduction,and adopting urban disaster elimination reporting system.

关 键 词：功能叠加 城市灾害 效用克减 减灾能力 法治路径 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]