湖南地区岩溶分布特征及其发育模式  

Distribution characteristics and development model of karst in Hunan area

作　　者：周宇成 陈清华[1] 孙珂[1] 陈殊宁 许欣雨 王晶 柴铭[1] 张晶晶 ZHOU Yucheng;CHEN Qinghua;SUN Ke;CHEN Shuning;XU Xinyu;WANG Jing;CHAI Ming;ZHANG Jingjing(School of Geosciences in China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;Corporation Jiangsu Oilfield Sub-company,SINOPEC,Yangzhou 225200,China;Tianjin Branch of China Petroleum Logging Company Limited,Tianjin 300280,China;Petroleum Engineering Department,Chengde Petroleum College,Chengde 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石化江苏油田分公司,江苏扬州225200 [3]中国石油测井有限公司天津分公司,天津300280 [4]承德石油高等专科学校石油工程系,河北承德067000

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第4期163-173,共11页Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05042-002)。

摘　　要：以湖南地区上元古界—中生界碳酸盐岩(灰岩、云质灰岩、白云岩)表生岩溶为例,在地理-地质特征分析的基础上,系统研究该区的典型岩溶现象类型及分布特征,总结岩溶分布规律及岩溶发育模式,并建立断裂-溶缝带控制的岩溶发育模式和多组裂缝控制的大型溶洞发育模式。结果表明,湖南地区岩溶现象类型繁多,其中地表断裂岩溶最为普遍,依据断裂溶蚀形成的沟谷宽度与深度等特征,将其划分为细小溶蚀裂隙、小型溶缝、中型溶缝、大型溶缝与断溶谷,它们构成地表岩溶的断溶-溶缝序列。湖南地区岩溶主要分布在湘西北、湘中与湘东南,其中地表出露位置高的断裂(带)附近、特定的断裂带结构发育区和多组裂缝发育区往往是岩溶集中分布区。Taken as an example, the Upper Proterozoic-Mesozoic supergene karst in Hunan Province is studied for general distribution law and development pattern of karst. Based on the analysis of geological characteristics, the typical types and distribution characteristics of karst in this area, which lithologically includes limestone, dolomite and dolomitic limestone, are systematically analyzed. A model is established in which the karst development is controlled by fault-karst fracture zone and large-scale karst cave development is controlled by multi-group fractures. The results show that there are many types of karst in Hunan, among which the supergene karst by fractures is mostly common. According to characters in depth and width of karstic fractures, they can be divided into finely dissolved fracture, small-scaled dissolved fracture, medium-scaled dissolved fracture, large-scaled dissolved fracture and broken valley by faults, which result in the fault-karst sequence of supergene karst. Karst in Hunan is mainly distributed in the northwest, central and southeast of the province, and places that are rich in fault belts that are exposed high above the ground, specific fault zones and development areas of multi-group fractures are the main karst distribution areas.

关 键 词：湖南地区 碳酸盐岩 岩溶类型 岩溶分布 岩溶发育模式 

分 类 号：TE12.2[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]