耕层厚度对黄瓜叶片光合荧光与根系生理特性的影响  

Effects of plough layer thickness on photosynthetic,fluorescence parameters of leaf and physiological characteristics of root for Cucumis sativus L.

作　　者：兰挚谦 张凯歌 张雪艳[1] LAN Zhiqian;ZHANG Kaige;ZHANG Xueyan(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2020年第7期1196-1205,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760593)。

摘　　要：高度集约化栽培模式下常年机械浅耕可引起土壤耕层变浅、犁底层变厚、土壤质量下降等问题。本试验总土层厚度设计50 cm,耕层分别设定10 cm(PL10)、20 cm(PL20)、30 cm(PL30)、40 cm(PL40)、50 cm(PL50)。在2017年和2018年研究不同耕层条件下黄瓜叶片光合荧光、根系生理和植株生长特性。结果表明,浅耕层(PL10、PL20)显著增大了叶片蒸腾速率(T r)和初始荧光值(F o),显著提高了根系过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。中耕层(PL30)显著提高了株高相对生长率(RGH-PH)和茎体积相对生长率(RGH-SV),提高了叶片净光合速率(P n)、最大荧光值(F m)、光能转化率(F v/F m)和光化学淬灭系数(qP),显著提高了根系活力(RA)和脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量。浅耕层早期果实产量(FY)高于其他耕层,但在中后期显著低于其他耕层,而且深耕层(PL40和PL50)的果实产量与浅耕层相反,2个栽培季节总的果实产量PL30处理均高于其他处理。主成分分析显示,中耕层(PL30)和深耕层(PL50)显著区别于其他处理。综合植株长势和根系特性,土壤耕层深度30 cm有利于浅根系作物黄瓜的生长发育。Long-term and mechanical shallow tillage in highly intensive cultivation mode causes shallower plough layer,deeper plough sole layer,soil quality deterioration and other problems.In this study,the total soil layer was designed to be 50 cm,and plough layer were 10 cm(PL10),20 cm(PL20),30 cm(PL30),40 cm(PL40)and 50 cm(PL50).The photosynthetic,fluorescence,root and plant growth-related parameters were measured in 2017 and 2018 years.The results showed that the shallower plough layer(PL10 and PL20)significantly increased the transpiration rate(T r)and initial fluorescence value(F o)of leaf,and significantly increased activities of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content in roots.The middle plough layer(PL30)significantly increased the relative growth rate of plant height(RGH-PH)and stem volume(RGH-SV),improved the net photosynthetic rate(P n),maximum fluorescence value(F m),light energy conversion rate(F v/F m)and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)of the leaves,and significantly enhanced the root activity(RA),and proline(Pro),soluble sugar(SS),soluble protein(SP)contents.The fruit yields(FY)of PL10 and PL20 were higher than those of the other treatments in early harvesting period,and lower than the others in middle and late harvesting period.Moreover,the fruit yield in the deeper plough layers(PL40 and PL50)were opposite to those of the shallower plough layers,PL30 had the highest total fruit yield in two cropping years.Through principal component analysis,the middle plough layer(PL30)and the deeper plough layer(PL50)were significantly different from other treatments.Combining plant growth and root characteristics,plough layer 30 cm was beneficial to the growth and development of cucumber with shallow root system.

关 键 词：耕层 黄瓜 相对生长率 光合荧光特性 根系 

分 类 号：S642.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]