施肥方式对机插早稻产量形成的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield Formation of Machine-transplanted Early Rice

作　　者：王晓丹 王亚梁 宋文健 张玉屏[1] 向镜[1] 张义凯[1] 祁军 陈惠哲[1] WANG Xiaodan;WANG Yaliang;SONG Wenjian;ZHANG Yuping;XIANG Jing;ZHANG Yikai;QI Jun;CHEN Huizhe(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,杭州311400

出　　处：《中国稻米》2020年第4期77-80,共4页China Rice

基　　金：浙江省重点研发项目(2019C02017);浙江省“三农六方”协作项目(2018SNLF003);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(2016—2019);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(ARS-01-22);国家自然科学基金(31701374);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2020CG02)。

摘　　要：以早稻品种中早39为供试材料,研究了不同施肥方式对早稻产量、干物质积累及颖花分化与退化等的影响。结果表明,与传统施肥方式相比,缓释肥机械深施与缓释肥人工撒施处理的产量分别增加了3.4%和2.6%,其中缓释肥机械深施处理的增产效果要好于缓释肥人工撒施处理。缓释肥机械深施是通过增加颖花分化数来增加每穗颖花数。与传统施肥方式相比,机插侧深施肥处理的颖花分化数增加了4.5%,颖花数增加了5.7%;在灌浆期,缓释肥机械深施和缓释肥人工撒施处理的干物质积累量分别增加了17.2%和5.6%,其中缓释肥机械深施处理增效更明显;成熟期,缓释肥机械深施和缓释肥人工撒施处理的叶片SPAD值比传统施肥方式分别增加了5.8%和16.4%,叶片含氮量分别增加了12.5%和34.1%,差异达显著水平。试验结果表明,缓释肥机插侧深施肥具有较好的增产效果。In this experiment,the early rice variety Zhongzao 39 was used as the test material,and the slow-released fertilizer was used for machine side deep fertilization to study the effects of slow-released fertilizer on yield,dry matter accumulation and spikelet differentiation and degradation of early rice.The results showed that compared with the traditional artificial fertilization(CK),the mechanical transplanting with deep side application of slow release fertilizer(F1)and the mechanical transplanting with artificial application of slow release fertilizer(F2)increased the yield by 3.4%and 2.6%.The yield-increasing effect of F1 treatment is better than F2 treatment.The F1 treatment is to increase the number of spikelet per panicle by increasing the number of spikelet differentiation.Compared with CK,the number of spikelet differentiation and the number of spikelet per panicle of F1 treatment were increased by 4.5%and 5.7%,respectively.In grain filling stage,compared with CK,the dry matter accumulation of F1 and F2 treatment were increased by 17.2%and 5.6%.The effect of F1 treatment was the most obvious and the dry matter accumulation was increased by 12.3%compared with F2 treatment.In the maturity period,compared with CK,the SPAD values of the F1 and F2 treatment were increased by 5.8%and 16.4%,and the nitrogen content of leaves were increased by 12.5%and 34.1%.The results showed that the mechanical transplanting with deep side application of slow release fertilizer has better effect of increasing yield.

关 键 词：早稻 机插 缓释肥 侧深施肥 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]