从“边城”到“危城”——“故都”时期北平与南京国民政府之关系  

From “Border City” to “Dangerous City”: A Brief Exploration of the Relationship between Peking Local Governments and The Central in 1928-1937

作　　者：王建伟[1] Wang Jianwei

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院历史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《学术研究》2020年第7期118-127,178,共11页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“近代北京城市空间结构演变研究(1900—1949)”(17BZS096)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1928年6月,国民革命军平定京津,二次北伐完成,北洋政治走向终结,北京归入南京国民政府版图,改名北平,成为"故都"。但中央政权在北平的"存在感"一直不强,阎锡山、张学良、宋哲元等地方实力派先后染指,中原大战期间,北平甚至一度脱离中央管制,成为事实上的"独立王国"。1933年华北危机爆发之后,国民政府通过外交谈判与日方达成暂时妥协,中央军事势力借机深入华北腹地。5月,蒋介石亲信黄郛北上,担任行政院驻华北政务委员会委员长,袁良担任北平市长,此后两年间也是抗战前北平与南京国民政府关系最为紧密的时期。1935年6月黄郛去职之后,日军步步紧逼,随着冀察政务委员会的成立,北平实际上已呈"半自治"状态,直至卢沟桥事变爆发,最终陷落敌手。The Nanjing National Government officially established a political power in Peking in June 1928. Peking lost its role as the capital, renamed"Beiping". However, The central government’s control of Beiping has been relatively loose, the city’s was in the hands of local Forces such as Yan Xishan, Zhang Xueliang, and Song Zheyuan. During the Central Plains War, Beiping even broke away from central control. After the North China crisis in 1933, The Nanjing National Government reached a temporary compromise with Japan through diplomatic negotiations, and The central military forces took the opportunity to penetrate the hinterland of North China. Chiang Kai-shek sent Huang Fu to handle affairs with Japan, and Yuan Liang as mayor of Beiping. From then on until 1935, the central government controlled Beiping more tightly than before. In June 1935, Huang Fu resigned, and Japanese aggression became more and more serious, Beiping has actually been in a"semiautonomous"state and was occupied after the Lugou Bridge Incident broke out.

关 键 词：南京国民政府 北平 地方实力派 黄郛 

分 类 号：K262.9[历史地理—历史学]