授粉方式及时间对铁皮石斛蒴果发育的影响  

Effects of pollination method and time on the development of Dendrobium officinalis

作　　者：周慧君 魏翠华 谢宇 陈芳兰 陈沁 曾凡 ZHOU Huijun;WEI Cuihua;XIE Yu;CHEN Fanglan;CHEN Qin;ZENG Fan(Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350018,China)

机构地区：[1]福州市农业科学研究所,福建福州350018

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2020年第2期100-105,共6页Subtropical Agriculture Research

摘　　要：[目的]充分利用福建省铁皮石斛种质资源进行良种选育和种苗生产。[方法]以现有福建省适种的5个种质(TF、TZ、TA、TY、TD)为试验材料,研究了不同授粉方式及授粉时间对铁皮石斛蒴果发育的影响。[结果]铁皮石斛5个种质自花和同株异花授粉结实率均为0,种质间授粉结实率(87.50%~98.67%)高于种质内异株授粉结实率(62.50%~77.78%);开花后2~3 d授粉,座果率可达100%;授粉5~30 d,蒴果快速增长,授粉60 d蒴果大小基本稳定;不同成熟度蒴果的种子形态不同,授粉150 d左右呈粉尘状的种子最适于无菌播种。[结论]开花后2~3 d采用种质间授粉方式能获得更多蒴果;蒴果的发育呈先快后慢至稳定的趋势;授粉150 d左右蒴果较成熟,可用于无菌播种。[Purpose]To make a full use of the germplasm of Dendrobium officinale in Fujian Province for breeding and seedling production.[Method]Five adapted cultivated germplasm(TF,TZ,TA,TY,TD)were used to study the effects of different pollination methods and pollination time on capsule development of D.officinale.[Result]The seed setting rates of self pollination and cross pollination between different flowers of the same plant were 0,but cross pollination between different germplasm resulted in seed setting rates of 87.50%to 98.67%,which were higher than that of cross pollination between different plants of the same germplasm(62.50%-77.78%).The highest fruit setting rate of 100%was obtained from pollinations done 2-3 days after flowering.The size of fruits increased rapidly within 5-30 days after pollination.The capsule size was basically stable at 60 days after pollination.The seed morphology of different ripening capsules was different,and the dusty seeds at about 150 d after pollination were the most suitable for sterile sowing.[Conclusion]More capsules were obtained by cross pollinating different germplasm at 2-3 days after flowering,the development of the capsule was rapid at first,then slowed down to stable.At about 150 d after pollination,the capsules were relatively more mature and could be used for sterile sowing.

关 键 词：铁皮石斛 授粉方式 授粉时间 蒴果 

分 类 号：S567.2[农业科学—中草药栽培]