《民法典》制度革新的三个维度:世界、中国和时代  

Three Dimensions of the Innovation of China’s Civil Code: World, China and Times

作　　者：谢鸿飞[1,2] Xie Hongfei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院法学研究所私法研究中心

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2020年第4期61-76,共16页Law and Social Development

摘　　要：既有的民法典都或多或少体现了世界性、民族性和时代性,这“三性”可以作为评判民法典质量的标准之一。在世界维度,我国《民法典》吸纳了普适性的民法规则,强化了私权保障,拓展了私法自治,完善了交易规则,但规则供给和细密化程度尚不充分,私法自治的手段未尽多元。在中国维度,《民法典》回应了我国社会和经济领域的法律需求,护持了固有文化观念,提供了国家与社会沟通的紧密渠道,但对社会和文化变迁的制度回应尚欠周全。在时代维度,《民法典》彰显了后工业社会的特色,回应了信息科技和生态破坏的挑战,为特别法预留了法律空间,但《民法典》与特别法的畛域界分略有疏失。《民法典》为提升国家和社会的治理能力、建构国和民的融洽关系提供了必要的制度支持,其有效践行尚需司法和学说协力。Existing Civil Codes have more or less reflected the cosmopolitan, national and epochal characteristics. These three dimensions can be used as one of the criteria for judging the quality of a Civil Code. In the world dimension, China’s Civil Code has absorbed universal civil law rules, strengthened the protection of private rights, expanded the autonomy of individuals and perfected the transaction rules. However, the supply and refinement of rules are not sufficient and the means of private autonomy are not diversified. In the Chinese dimension, China’s Civil Code responds to the legal needs of China’s social and economic fields, protects the traditional cultures, and provides a close channel for communication between the state and society. However, the response to social and cultural changes is still not complete. In the dimension of the times, China’s Civil Code highlights the characteristics of the post-industrial society, responds to the challenges of information technology and ecological destruction, and reserves legal space for special civil law. However, the distinction between the Civil Code and special law is slightly flawed. China’s Civil Code provides the necessary legal support for enhancing the governance capacity of the state and society and building harmonious relations between the state and the people. Its effective implementation requires the cooperation of the legal community.

关 键 词：《民法典》 法典化 私法自治 私权保障 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]