欧盟单边主义的新动向:反倾销规则中的“社会倾销”条款分析  

A New Manifestation of EU Unilateralism:The Study of Social Dumping Clauses in EU Anti-dumping Regulations

作　　者：赵海乐[1] ZHAO Haile

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2020年第3期87-102,I0005,共17页Chinese Journal of European Studies

基　　金：2017年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“海外投资利益保护视角下的我国国家安全制度构建研究”(项目号:17YJC820068);2018年教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目“经济全球化升级与WTO法改革的中国方案研究”(项目号:18YJA820002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：欧盟2017-2018年对其反倾销条例的修订首次将“社会倾销”问题纳入反倾销调查。“社会倾销”问题在欧盟条例中具象为“严重扭曲”的认定、损害计算、替代国选择、期中复审和出口商待遇五个方面。在欧盟2019年以来的反倾销调查实践中,中国与美国均已受此规则影响。其核心在于欧盟突破当前“贸易与劳工”议题的双边走向,转而以单边手段强制实施劳工标准。尽管中国企业对此的应对手段极为有限,但中国政府仍可援引《反倾销协定》第2.2条“适当比较”规则以切断“严重扭曲”与结构价格之间的关联。鉴于欧盟单边措施是对国际法“以诺为则”与“平位法”特性的违背,中国政府虽未必反对贸易与劳工议题的关联,但应坚决反对非合意基础上的劳工标准的强制实施。The EU has,for the first time,incorporated the“social dumping”clauses into anti-dumping investigations by revising its anti-dumping regulations in 2017 and 2018.The Social Dumping issue has been materialized in the EU regulations in the clauses that provide for the determination of significant distortion,the calculation of damages,the selection of surrogate countries,the start of interim reviews and the privileges of exporters.Both China and the US have been adversely affected by the EU’s anti-dumping practices since 2019.The core of this practice lies on the EU’s deviation from the bilateral approaches and turning to a unilateral approach in its handling of the trade and labor issue.While Chinese enterprises have limited means to combat this development,the Chinese government could nevertheless employ the“proper comparison”rule in Article 2.2 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement in order to cut off the link between“significant distortion”and“constructed price”.The EU’s unilateral action runs against such principles in international law as state responsibility arising from promises and sovereign equality.While it may not be necessary for the Chinese government to oppose the link between trade and labor,it should stand firmly against the unilateral application of labor standards.

关 键 词：欧盟 反倾销规则 贸易与劳工 社会倾销 严重扭曲 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学] D814.1[政治法律—国际法学]