是酋邦,还是国家?——再论金朝初年女真政权的国家形态  

Chieftain-state, or State? ——On the State Form of the Jurchen Regime in the Early Jin Dynasty

作　　者：程妮娜[1] CHENG Ni-na(College of the Humanities,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第4期72-85,共14页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：关于金朝太祖、太宗时期政治、社会制度是国家形态,还是前国家形态——酋邦(军事部落联盟、部族制),学界有两种截然不同看法。学界相关研究中使用最为频繁的史料存在着解读失误和运用不当的问题。金朝初年已经形成基于武力的制度化政治结构的形式和基于地缘关系的社会凝聚机制,具备国家的基本要素。女真人建立的金朝,在太祖、太宗时期已经是一个多民族国家,不是单纯的女真人酋邦(或部族体制),也不是包含了多民族的酋邦(或部族体制、或部落联盟)。There are two totally different opinions in academic circles as to whether the Jurchen regime political and social system is a state form or a prestate form——chiefdoms(military tribal alliance, clan system) in the Taizu and Taizong periods of the Jin Dynasty.The most frequently used historical materials in the academic research have the problems of interpretation errors and improper use.In the early years of the Jin Dynasty, the form of institutionalized political structure based on force and with a social cohesion mechanism based on geographical relations had been formed, which possessed the basic elements of a nation.The Jin Dynasty established by the Jurchens was a multi-ethnic state during the reign of Emperor Taizu and Emperor Taizong, it was not simply a Matriarch of Jurchen(or tribal system), nor was it a multi-ethnic sheik(or tribal system, or tribal alliance).

关 键 词：国家 酋邦 女真旧俗 国论勃极烈制度 汉地枢密院 

分 类 号：K246.4[历史地理—历史学]