贵州草海水生植物多样性及群落演替  

AQUATIC PLANT DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY SUCCESSION IN CAOHAI WETLAND, GUIZHOU PROVINCE

作　　者：代亮亮 陈翔 李莉杰 刘昌闳 袁果 DAI Liang-Liang;CHEN Xiang;LI Li-Jie;LIU Chang-Hong;YUAN Guo(Guizhou Institute of Biology,Guiyang 550000,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省生物研究所,贵阳550000 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2020年第4期869-876,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：贵州省林业科研课题(黔林科合[2015]14号);贵州科学院青年基金(黔科院J字[2018]24号)资助。

摘　　要：在2016年调查基础上,结合已有资料,研究草海水生植物多样性、群落特征、水生植被分布现状及群落演替规律,探讨驱动水生植物群落演替的主导因素。结果显示,草海现有水生植物67种,隶属28科40属,水生植物优势群落22个。与1983年相比,草海水生植物无论是在优势种还是优势群落上均发生了很大变化,挺水植物群落组成由1983年以莎草科植物为主演变为现在以禾本科植物为主,入侵植物空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)在草海环湖消涨区、航道、码头等地已形成入侵趋势,部分区域种群密度可达70株/m^2。草海水生植物生物量30年来呈上升趋势,2016年各类型水生植物的总生物量是1983年的4.1倍。相关资料表明,人类活动、鸟类迁徙、水土流失、水体富营养化、外来入侵物种都对草海水生植物多样性和群落演替具有一定影响。The current study explored the distribution of aquatic vegetation, species diversity, community characteristics and succession features of Caohai wetland based on previous results and recently obtained data, and analyzed the primary driving factors of community succession. Results showed that there were 67 species of aquatic plants, which belong to 40 genera and 28 families, and 22 dominant plant association in Caohai wetland in 2016. Compared with results of 1983, both dominant species and preponderant associations changed dramatically. The dominant aquatic plant associations have gradually changed from sedge family to grass family. The alien species Alternanthera philoxeroides in the Caohai wetland has formed an invasion trend in the water fluctuation belt, waterway and wharf, and its population density can reach 70 plants/m^2 in some regions. The total biomass of aquatic plants of each life in Caohai wetland has increased in the past 30 years, and in 2016 it was 4.1 times that of 1983. Relevant data indicate that human activity,bird migration, water and soil loss, eutrophication, and alien species invasion have influenced the biodiversity and community succession of Caohai wetland.

关 键 词：多样性 群落结构 草海湿地 水生植物 演替 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]