新型冠状病毒全球传播背景下限制国际贸易措施的合规性研究  

The Legality of Trade Restriction Measures under the Pandemic of COVID-19

作　　者：边永民[1] BIAN Yongmin

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院国际法系,100029

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2020年第7期1-13,共13页Journal of International Trade

摘　　要：在新型冠状病毒全球传播背景下,各国陆续采取了不同程度的限制国际旅行、限制国际运输和直接限制特定产品输出或输入的措施,此三类措施对国际贸易均有限制作用。《国际卫生条例》并没有限制各成员在疫病流行的情况下对国际贸易采取限制性措施,反而要求各成员要加强对国际旅行人员的检疫,控制经由运输工具造成的病毒传染,对货物、集装箱、交通工具和物品的进境或出境可以采取额外的卫生和检疫措施。同时,在新型冠状病毒传播下采取的贸易限制措施还应该符合《关税和贸易总协定》中关于保护人类和动植物的生命和健康措施的要求,以及《实施动植物卫生和检疫措施协定》对临时性的检疫措施和长期的卫生检疫措施的规定。鉴于新型冠状病毒可能不会在很短的时期内被完全消除,而国际贸易为各国经济提供支持,也是抗疫物资运输和补给的重要渠道,国际社会应该考虑根据适度安全的原则,对国际贸易采取限制程度最低的措施,以便在保护人类健康和维持世界经济运行之间保持平衡。The COVID-19 spreads to be a global pandemic,many states adopt various restrictions on international travel and transportation,and bans on importation and exportation of certain products.All these measures restrain international trade.International Health Regulations do not prohibit the adoption of trade restriction its measures during pandemic.Instead it requires members to take quarantine measures against international travelers,ensure virus not spread following international transportation and may take extra quarantine measures against the importing or exporting of cargo,containers,means of transportation and items.Meanwhile,the trade restriction measures adopted during COVID-19 crisis must conform with the provisions on protection of life and health of human,animals and plants of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade,and the requirements on provisional and long-time sanitary and phytosanitary measures.It is unlikely that the COVID-19 is going to be eradicated in any time soon.International trade not only provides support to the economy of states,but also is the indispensable avenue for transporting resources needed for fighting against the virus.Therefore,international community should adopt measures least restrictive to trade based on the principle of moderate safety in order to balance the protection of the health of human beings and the survival of world economy.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒 国际贸易限制 国际卫生条例 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易]