“授人以渔”有效吗?--农民工职业培训的工资效应检验  

Is “Teaching People to Fish” Effective? The Wage EffectTest of Vocational Training for Migrant Workers

作　　者：赵德昭 耿之斌 Zhao Dezhao;Geng Zhibin(Finance&Taxation College,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学财政税务学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《财经研究》2020年第8期34-48,共15页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(16CJL023);河南财经政法大学青年拔尖人才资助(hncjzfdxqnbjrc201710)

摘　　要：职业培训不仅是解决农民工自身就业的需要,也是稳就业、保增长和全面完成精准扶贫任务的重要途径。文章基于中西部地区13个省份的4138份农民工调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)模型,实证检验了职业培训对农民工工资收入的影响效应。实证结果表明:(1)参加职业培训对农民工工资收入具有显著的正向影响,其小时工资因接受职业培训而增加1.88元,“授人以渔”的正向效应较为明显。(2)农民工通过职业培训获得的“工资收入溢价”具有异质性,参加引导性培训使农民工小时工资提升4.07元,参加技能性培训和偶尔参加技能性培训使农民工小时工资分别提升1.61元和1.50元,而其他类型培训对农民工工资获得的影响并不显著,“授人以何渔”的工资效应具有明显差异。文章的研究表明,农民工职业培训可以通过提升工资水平而改变农民工未来就业和发展的基础。因此,政府部门在制定职业培训的相关政策时,不仅应重视“授人以渔”,还应充分重视“授人以何渔”,从而实现精准扶贫由“输血”向“造血”的根本转变。Vocational training not only solves the needs of migrant workers for their own employment,but also is an important way to stabilize employment growth and complete the task of precision poverty alleviation.Based on the survey data of 4 138 migrant workers from 13 provinces in central and western China,thispaper uses the propensity score matching(PSM)model to empirically test the effect of vocational training onthe wage income of migrant workers. The empirical analysis shows that:(1)Participation in vocational traininghas a significant positive impact on the wage income of migrant workers,whose hourly wages have increasedby 1.88 yuan due to vocational training,so “Teaching People to Fish” has an obvious positive effect.(2)The “salary premium” obtained by migrant workers through vocational training has a heterogeneousnature. Participation in introductory training increases the hourly wage of migrant workers by 4.07 yuan,participationin skill training and occasional participation in skill training increase the hourly wage of migrantworkers by 1.61 yuan and 1.50 yuan,while the impact of other types of training on migrant workers’ wages isnot significant. The wage effect of “How to Teach People to Fish” is obvious different. The policy implicationis that,the vocational training of migrant workers can change the basis of their future employment and developmentby raising their wage levels. Therefore,when government departments formulate policies related tovocational training,they should not only pay attention to “Teaching People to Fish”,but also pay full attentionto “How to Teach People to Fish”,so as to achieve a fundamental shift from “transfusion” to “hematopoietic”.

关 键 词：职业培训 农民工 工资收入 倾向得分匹配 

分 类 号：F244.1[经济管理—劳动经济]