密闭荔枝树回缩修剪时间对成花挂果的影响  

Effect of pruning time on the flowering and fruiting of closed litchi trees

作　　者：岑文展 李浩然 谭春露 潘介春[2] 邓英毅[2] 李鸿莉[3] 徐炯志[2] Cen Wen-zhan;Li Hao-ran;Tan Chun-lu;Pan Jie-chun;Deng Ying-yi;Li Hong-li;Xu Jiong-zhi(Guangxi Cangwu County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuzhou,Guangxi 543199,China;Agricwltural College Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 5300053,China;Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]苍梧县农业农村局,广西梧州543199 [2]广西大学农学院,广西南宁5300053 [3]广西农业科学院园艺所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《广西农学报》2020年第2期28-31,共4页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系基金(项目编号:CARS-33-10);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西荔枝龙眼创新团队(项目编号:nycytxgxcxtd-02);广西科技重大专项(项目编号:桂科AA17204097,桂科AA17204097-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】为促进荔枝产业的可持续发展,探索密闭园改造技术。【方法】通过密闭荔枝树在不同时间进行回缩修剪,根据树冠枝梢密闭程度,在不同方位从基部疏除中、大枝1~5条,每棵树选留3~4条分布均匀的骨干枝按1.5~1.8m高度进行平台式回缩修剪。比较不同时间的回缩修剪对次年荔枝成花坐果的影响。【结果】在良好的栽培技术调控下,以2月份至5月份对密闭荔枝树回缩修剪,次年成花坐果良好;6月份及7月份采果后回缩修剪,次年无法成花挂果。【结论】不同时间回缩修剪,抽发枝梢次数和枝梢生长量有所不同。回缩修剪改造越早,发梢次数越多,更容易形成树冠,冠幅生长量和叶绿层厚度越大,枝梢适时老熟可能性越大,次年成花坐果恢复产量越有把握。密闭园改造必须在5月份完成。【Objective】In order to promote the sustainable development of litchi industry,the renovation technology of highly crowded orchard was explored.【Method】The effects of pruning back of highly crowded litchi trees on the flowering and fruiting of coming year were studied by pruning trees in different time periods,according to the closed degree of crown branches,1~5 medium and large branches were removed from the base in different directions,and 3~4 evenly distributed backbone branches were selected for each tree to be retracted and pruned on the platform according to the height of 1.5-1.8 m.【Result】The results showed that with proper cultivation technique,trees pruned back during period of February to May showed the best result in flowering and fruiting in coming year.There were no flowers and fruits for trees pruned back in June and after harvest in July.【Conclusion】The number of retraction pruning and shoot growth were different at different time.The earlier the retraction pruning was,the more the shoot number was.The renovation of the crowded orchard must be completed in May.

关 键 词：荔枝 回缩修剪 时间 成花 坐果 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]