备案审查的人权保障功能及其实现路径——潘洪斌案的再思考  

The Function of Human Rights Protection and Its Approaches of Filing and Review——Rethinking of the PAN Hongbin Case

作　　者：梁洪霞 LIANG Hongxia

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院 [2]西南政法大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权》2020年第2期64-77,共14页Human Rights

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究规划项目“宪法宣传的法理、运行及实效化进路研究”(项目号:19SKGH017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：潘洪斌案向学界提出了人大备案审查后如何与法院诉讼相衔接的问题。该问题的解决应着眼于我国备案审查制度的功能定位,是否涉及公民在个案中的具体权利救济。从我国的实际情况、世界各国合宪性审查制度的发展趋势以及全国人大和学界的态度来看,人权保障理应成为备案审查的功能之一。根据我国《立法法》和《各级人民代表大会常务委员会监督法》的相关规定,我国法院在诉讼过程中应该建构最高人民法院提出审查要求与地方各级人民法院提出审查建议的双重互补机制。同时,根据法的溯及力理论,法院诉讼终结后当事人提起的备案审查应对当事人本人具有溯及力,法律应该规定此种情况下启动再审程序以救济当事人权利的制度。The PAN Hongbin case raised to the academic circles the question of how to connect with the court proceedings after the People’s Congress filed for review.The solution to this problem should focus on the functional positioning of China’s filing and review system,whether it involves the specific rights of citizens in individual cases.From the actual situation in China,the development trend of constitutional review systems in various countries in the world,and the attitudes of the National People’s Congress and the academic circle,the protection of civil rights should be one of the functions of record review.According to the relevant provisions of the Legislative Law and the Law on the Supervision of Standing Committees of People’s Congresses at Various Levels,our courts should construct a dual complementary mechanism for review requests from the Supreme People’s Court and review recommendations from local people’s courts at all levels in the litigation process.Meanwhile,according to the retrospective theory of the law,the filing review filed by the parties after the court’s lawsuit should be retroactive to the parties themselves,and the law should provide for a system to initiate retrial proceedings in this case to relieve the parties’rights.

关 键 词：潘洪斌案 备案审查 人权保障 司法诉讼 衔接机制 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]