羊肚菌不同单孢及不同萌发孔菌丝间的遗传多样性  

Genetic diversity of hyphae sprouted from different single spores and different germ pores of morels

作　　者：于凤明 赵琪[1,2] YU Feng-Ming;ZHAO Qi(Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Institute of Applied Fungi,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,云南昆明650201 [2]西南林业大学应用真菌研究所,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《菌物学报》2020年第6期1117-1129,共13页Mycosystema

基　　金：中国西南野生物种质资源库“交叉合作团队”开放研究项目(292019312511043);中国科学院STS项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-171);第二次青藏高原科学考察与研究计划(STEP)资助(2019QZKK0503);生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：本研究对来自不同单孢和不同萌发孔菌丝的166份羊肚菌菌株进行形态研究、交配型基因检测、基于ISSR的遗传多样性分析和菌株杂交选育。结果表明,来自不同单孢及其不同萌发孔菌丝培养的菌株间均存在不同程度的形态和遗传差异。4条ISSR引物共扩增出条带清晰的22条多态性谱带,多态性比率为88%。基于遗传相似性系数(GS)、不加权成对群算术平均法(UPGMA)构建的系统树,可将供试菌株分为梯棱羊肚菌Morchella importuna和六妹羊肚菌M. sextelata两大类群。聚类分析发现不同物种间的单孢菌株和单丝菌株的遗传差异显著;同一单孢不同萌发孔菌丝的菌株间存在较大的遗传分化,遗传多样性丰富。交配型基因检测证实羊肚菌是异宗结合型真菌,同一单孢的不同萌发孔菌丝体含相同的交配型基因(MAT 1-1-1或MAT 1-2-1)。遗传多样性结果表明:梯棱羊肚菌比六妹羊肚菌的遗传背景更广泛。此外,ISSR分子标记也表明仅依靠菌丝和菌核的形态特征并不能准确衡量羊肚菌菌株间的亲缘关系。研究羊肚菌单孢菌株、单丝菌株间的形态和遗传特征,将为羊肚菌优质菌种的精准选育提供理论参考。MAT-type genes,ISSR polymorphism and genetic clustering of 166 strains originated from different hyphae sprouted from different spores and different germ pores of four wild Morchella spp.were analyzed and hybrid experiments were conducted.The results showed morphological and genetic differences are apparent among strains.Four ISSR polymorphic primers were selected from 12 primers for genetic diversity analysis and 22 polymorphic bands were amplified with average polymorphism ratio of 88.0%.Based on GS and UPGMA,the hyphae of 166 strains can be divided into two groups separately corresponding to Morchella sextelata(KIB1811)and M.importuna(KIB1754,KIB1760 and KIB7042).The cluster analysis suggested that strains from different hyphae sprouted from the same spore have genetic differences.The genetic differentiation of the hyphae of the different single-spores from the same fruiting body is evident while that from different fruiting bodies is more evident.The results of MAT-type genes’test showed that strain from single-spore has only one MAT-type gene(MAT 1-1-1 or MAT 1-2-1)and strains originated from hyphae sprouted from single germ pores in the same spore harbor the same MAT-type gene.This demonstrated morel is heterothallic fungus.Compared with M.sextelata,the genetic diversity of M.importuna is more plentiful and genetic background is more abundant.ISSR analysis also showed that the genetic relationship between morels could not be accurately measured simply according to the morphological characteristics of mycelium and sclerotium.These results provide theoretical reference for accurate breeding of high-quality morel strains.

关 键 词：ISSR分析 遗传分化 交配型基因 杂交选育 

分 类 号：S646.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]