从《梦之代》看19世纪初日本的“脱亚入欧”倾向  

On Japan’s “Asia-exit into Europe” Tendency’s Bud in the Early 19th Century with the Book Yumenoshiro

作　　者：许美祺 Xu Meiqi

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学社会发展与公共管理学院历史系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2020年第2期73-88,262,共17页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“17—18世纪日本知识人社会的成长”(项目编号:19FSSB021)的研究成果。

摘　　要：通常认为,"脱亚入欧"是19世纪后期日本进入近代期后的思想观念。不过从《梦之代》的记载观之,其实至晚在19世纪初,日本大城市的儒学系知识人已经形成了一些具有"脱亚入欧"倾向的观点,应可视为一种萌芽。在天文历法、医疗技术、文字、国民教育几个领域,山片蟠桃及其老师已经很清楚西洋知识系统的优势,并主张日本应摆脱东亚传统学问而向其靠近。这一倾向的产生至少有三种时代背景:日本兰学和出版繁荣背景下西方知识的自然流入、官方改历需求和应对民间麻疹大疫等国内现实需要、沙皇俄国舰队南下所造成的国外军事威胁。It is generally believed that the idea of"Asia-exit into Europe"appeared in the late 19 th century,after Japan’s entering the modern period.However,according to the book Yumenoshiro,we can recognize this tendency’s bud in the early 19 th century,from the Confucian scholars living in big cities.In the fields of astronomical calendar,medical technology,word system,and national education,Yamagata Banto and his teachers had been well aware of the advantages of Western knowledge’s system,and advocated that Japan should move away from East Asian tradition and move closer to it.This tendency based on these backgrounds:(1)the natural inflow of Western knowledge supported by Japan’s Rangaku(western studies)and publishing boom,(2)the need from domestic problems such as official calendar-change and measles epidemic,(3)and the foreign military threat posed by the Tsarist Russian fleets.

关 键 词：山片蟠桃 太阳历 西洋医学 文字改革 教育系统 

分 类 号：D831.3[政治法律—政治学] K313.36[政治法律—外交学]