井上毅的宪政认识及其影响  

Inoue Kowashi’s opinion of constitutionalism and its influence

作　　者：张艳茹[1] Zhang Yanru

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2020年第2期125-140,263,共17页The World History Review

摘　　要：井上毅是明治政府主要决策者岩仓具视、伊藤博文的智囊,历任司法省法制官、太政官大书记官、参事院参事、枢密院顾问官等与立宪相关的要职,是政府中参与调查宪政制度以及草拟、审议《大日本帝国宪法》和《皇室典范》的核心人物之一。他兼具和、汉、洋知识,通过致密的司法及宪法调查,对西方宪政思想及法律体系有较系统的认识。井上毅始终主张基于本国的历史、文化、风俗选择立宪模式,构建日本独特的宪政体制。他终其一生都十分欣赏普鲁士的法律体系及文化,排斥建立在契约说基础上的英、法宪法学说。他主张渐进立宪、钦定宪法。在其宪政思想中,主权在君是不可动摇的核心,并从国体思想中寻找法理依据。通过大量建言及积极的政治活动,他将其宪政思想渗透到了明治宪法体制之中。As a brain truster of the core figures of the Meiji government,Iwakura Tomomi and Ito Hirobumi,Inoue Kowashi has successively served as the Legal officer of the Ministry of Justice,the Secretary-General of the Daijokan,the counsellor of the Privy Council and other important constitutional related positions.He is one of the core figures involved in investigating the constitutional system and drafting and reviewing The Constitution of the Imperial Japan and The Imperial Household Law.He has Japanese,Chinese,and Western knowledge.After intensive judicial and constitutional investigations,he has a good understanding of western constitutional thought and legal system.Inoue consistently advocated a constitutional model based on his own country’s history,culture,and customs to build Japan’s unique constitutional government system.Throughout his life,he greatly appreciated the legal system and culture of Prussia and rejected the English and French constitutional doctrines based on contractual doctrines.He advocated a gradual constitutional reform,which should be granted by the Emperor.He believed in the Monarchical Sovereignty,and sought its legal basis from the theory of Kokutai.His ideas penetrated the Meiji constitutional system through numerous suggestions and active political activities.

关 键 词：井上毅 渐进立宪 钦定宪法 国体 主权在君 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学] DD911