生物热化学和热动力学研究进展  

Advances in Biothermochemistry and Thermokinetics

作　　者：谢文[1] 周莲娇 徐娟[2] 郭清莲[1] 蒋风雷[2] 刘义[2] Wen Xie;Lianjiao Zhou;Juan Xu;Qinglian Guo;Fenglei Jiang;Yi Liu(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Zhongnan Hospital,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,P.R.China;College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中南医院检验科,武汉430071 [2]武汉大学化学与分子科学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2020年第6期13-22,共10页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21873075,21573168)资助项目。

摘　　要：生命相关过程伴随着极其复杂的化学和物理过程,包含着物质变化和能量转换,其中部分能量不可避免地会以热的形式表现出来。用微量热技术和热动力学方法,研究复杂生命体系和相关反应的热动力学过程,可宏观地、本质地反映生命相关过程的内在规律。本文综述了生物量热学方法和技术在生命科学中的应用,介绍了生物量热技术在生态系统、生物组织和器官、细胞水平、亚细胞水平和分子层面等不同生物层次和结构水平上的研究现状和进展。Biological systems can be regarded as complex and open thermodynamic systems. All processes involved in biological growth and metabolism are accompanied by material and energy exchange. During metabolism, energy in the organisms is released in the form of heat, i.e., metabolic heat, which is the basis for development in the field of biothermochemistry. The calorimetric method considers the thermal effects produced by the various forms of action as the research object, to reveal the law of energy change and quantitative energy conversion. Studying the thermodynamic processes of complex biological systems and related reactions through microcalorimetry and thermodynamic methods reflects the intrinsic laws of life-related processes macroscopically and intrinsically. With the tremendous development and progress in microcalorimetry in terms of the temperature measurement accuracy,stability of temperature control, automation, and multi-functionalization, calorimetry has been widely used in life sciences. It can be used to describe macroscopic processes such as ecosystems and biological evolution, observe organismal and cell growth, examine mitochondrial metabolism, and study problems at the molecular level, including enzymatic reactions and interactions between small molecules and biomacromolecules. Herein, the application of biomass calorimetry in the life sciences is reviewed. The status and progress of biomass calorimetry at different biological and structural levels, such as the ecosystem, biological, organ, cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels are introduced. For example, soil microbial metabolic activity is a universal index for evaluating soil quality. The growth and metabolism of organisms as well as the physical and chemical processes of substances in soil are often accompanied by heat release, which is usually a nonselective signal. The use of isothermal microcalorimetry to nonspecifically monitor and record soil microbial metabolic characteristics has promoted the study of microbial metabolism in compl

关 键 词：生物热化学 热动力学 微量热 新陈代谢 相互作用 

分 类 号：O642[理学—物理化学] O643[理学—化学]