高湿胁迫下热带和温带玉米种质的形态生理应答差异  

Responses of morphology and physiology in tropical and temperate maize germplasms to high moisture

作　　者：刘红芳 邸仕忠 姚启伦[3] LIU Hong-fang;DI Shi-zhong;YAO Qi-lun(Green Intelligence Environmental School,Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100,China;Chongqing Yudongnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 408000,China;Life Science and Technology Institute,Yangtze Normal University,Chongqing 408100,China)

机构地区：[1]长江师范学院绿色智慧环境学院,重庆408100 [2]重庆市渝东南农业科学院,重庆408000 [3]长江师范学院生命科学与技术学院,重庆408100

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第6期1346-1352,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371633);重庆市教委优秀成果转化项目(KJZH17133)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨高湿胁迫下热带和温带玉米种质在植株形态和生理水平上的应答差异,为玉米耐湿种质的筛选及耐湿品种的培育提供理论依据。【方法】以10份来自热带和温带玉米种质的自交系为材料,采用随机区组设计,以田间正常生长的玉米自交系为对照(CK),在人工气候室进行高湿胁迫处理,胁迫处理10 d后取样测定不同处理玉米自交系的形态指标、生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数。【结果】高湿胁迫下,玉米自交系的株高、可见叶数、总叶面积、茎粗、植株鲜重和根体积均有不同程度的降低,耐湿指数范围分别为0.49~0.99、0.65~1.00、0.56~0.98、0.54~0.96、0.58~0.97和0.60~0.96。叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量较CK也有所降低,其中,叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量的耐湿指数均以自交系SC-3的最大,分别为0.95、0.90和0.95;以自交系TY-36的最小,分别为0.52、0.62和0.72。过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量呈上升趋势,其中POD和SOD活性的耐湿指数以自交系TY-11的最大,分别为1.67和1.73;MDA含量的耐湿指数以TY-36的最大,为1.71;POD活性、SOD活性和MDA含量的耐湿指数均以自交系SC-3的最小,分别为1.03、1.04和1.03。高湿胁迫下玉米自交系的PSII潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSII有效光化学量子产量(ΦPSII)和光化学荧光淬灭系数(QP)均较CK有所下降。【结论】不同种质来源的玉米自交系对高湿胁迫存在形态生理应答差异,热带玉米种质的耐湿性高于温带玉米种质,可在热带种质中筛选耐湿玉米种质,培育耐湿玉米品种。【Objective】The difference of response between tropical and temperate maize germplasms under high moisture stress was analyzed in plant morphology and physiological level,which provided theoretical basis for selection of maize germplasm with moisture tolerance and breeding of maize varieties with moisture tolerance.【Method】Ten inbred lines from tropical and temperate maize inbred lines were used as materials to carry out high humidity stress experiment in the artificial climate chamber with random block design and maize inbred lines with normal growth in the field were used as control(CK),the morphological,physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of maize inbred lines were measured after 10 d of stress treatment.【Result】Under high moisture stress,plant height,visible leaf number,total leaf area,stem diameter,plant fresh weight and root volume of maize inbred lines decreased in different degrees,the ranges of moisture tolerance index were 0.49-0.99,0.65-1.00,0.56-0.98,0.54-0.96,0.58-0.97 and 0.60-0.96,respectively.The contents of chlorophyll,soluble sugar and protein in SC-3 were lower than those in CK,and the moisture tolerance indexes of chlorophyll,soluble sugar and soluble protein were the highest in inbred line SC-3,which were 0.95,0.90 and 0.95,respectively.However,the moisture tolerance index of TY-36 was the smallest,moisture tolerance indexes of TY-36 were 0.52,0.62 and 0.72,respectively.The activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)increased,and the moisture tolerance indexes of inbred line TY-11 in POD and SOD were the highest,the moisture tolerance indexes of POD activity and SOD activity were 1.67 and 1.73 respectively.The moisture tolerance index of MDA content was the highest in TY-36,moisture tolerance index of TY-36 was 1.71.The moisture tolerance index of POD activity,SOD activity and MDA content in inbred line SC-3 were the smallest,being 1.03,1.04 and 1.03 respectively.The PSII potential activity(Fv/Fo),the maximum quantu

关 键 词：玉米自交系 高湿胁迫 形态 生理 应答 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]