重温熊彼特的创新驱动经济周期理论  

A Retrospective Study on Innovation-driven Business Cycle Theory by Joseph A.Schumpeter

作　　者：孙梁[1,2] 韦森[2] SUN Liang;WEI Sen

机构地区：[1]大连外国语大学商学院,辽宁大连116044 [2]复旦大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《济南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第4期5-21,157,共18页Journal of University of Jinan:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“货币与商业周期理论的起源、形成与发展”(项目编号:14AZD104);国家社科基金重大项目“世界货币制度史的比较研究”(项目编号:18ZDA089)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自18世纪下半叶英国纺织工业革命以来,资本主义市场经济不断地经历了繁荣、衰退、萧条和复苏的周期性波动。资本主义市场经济周期产生的原因和机制已成了经济学界一个日久常新的研究课题。在经济学家提出的各种理论解释中,熊彼特的经济周期理论有其独特的理论见解。从经济思想史的角度看,熊彼特首先提出了康德拉季耶夫长周期、朱格拉中周期和基钦短周期的经济周期三分法,同时在其诸多著作中构建了纯模式经济周期分析、四阶段经济周期分析以及技术长波论,并独到地提出企业家的成批出现和创新驱动才是资本主义市场经济周期产生的根本原因。另外,尽管熊彼特认识到货币和信贷在经济增长中的作用,但他并不同意奥地利学派的主张,即货币增加和信用扩张是现代市场经济周期的根本原因,而是提出货币和资本市场是给企业家的创新提供信贷,由此将生产要素托付给企业家去支配并进行创新发展,进而才成为经济发展要素的一种。Since the British industrial revolution on textile happened in the second half of the 18 th century,the market economy in the capitalist world has experienced repeated cycles of economic fluctuation,which is prosperity-recession-depressionrecovery in the past two hundred years.The reason and mechanism for the business cycle of the capitalist market economy have become a hot topic for economic research globally for long.Hence,many scholars proposed different theoretical explanations on this,of which the innovation-driven business cycle theory by Schumpeter is unique and offers many insights and inspirations.He proposed initially the three-stage classification of business cycles,that is,Kondratieff long business cycle,Juglar medium business cycle and Kitchin short business cycle.And through many of his academic works,he created pure model of business cycle analysis,four-stage model of business cycle analysis and technical long wave theory,and proposed that the swarm-like emergence of entrepreneurs and their being innovation-driven were the fundamental reasons for the business cycle of the capitalist economy.Besides these,although he recognized the essentialness of money and credit in economic growth,Schumpeter did not agree with the idea of Austrian economists that the increase of money and expansion of credit were the fundamental reasons for the capitalist business cycle.He insisted that the market of money and capital provided the innovative entrepreneurs with credit,which led to the domination on distribution of production factors by these entrepreneurs,and then the innovation developed further to perform as an important factor of economic development.

关 键 词：熊彼特 创新驱动 经济周期分析 货币 信贷 资本 

分 类 号：F113.7[经济管理—国际贸易]