评西方非主流经济学界对现代货币理论的争论  

Comments on the Controversy over Modern Monetary Theory in the Western Community of Non-Mainstream Economics

作　　者：贾根良[1,2] 何增平 JIA Genliang;HE Zengping(Renmin University of China, Beijing, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,100872 [2]中国人民大学中国经济改革与发展研究院,100872

出　　处：《经济学动态》2020年第6期136-147,共12页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“外国经济思想史学科建设的重大基础理论研究”(14ZDB122)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着现代货币理论受到越来越多的关注,非主流经济学界也对其展开了激烈的争论。本文归纳并评价了这场争论的主要问题,澄清了这些批评者对现代货币理论的误解。一方面,在理论层面,批评者认为现代货币理论将缴税作为货币需求的唯一原因,将货币数量视为是由财政部外生控制的;批评者还指出,现代货币理论将财政部和中央银行合并起来讨论的做法具有误导性。这些观点都是对现代货币理论的误解,澄清这些误解可以使我们了解到双方在货币理论上的一致性。另一方面,在非理论层面,对现代货币理论的批评在论证上存在缺陷:一种批评认为现代货币理论的宣传过于激进,从传统观念出发才能更好地推行新政策。但是在财政保守主义盛行的情况下,这类批评没有说明如何在传统观念的话语体系下做到这一点。另一种批评认为现代货币理论没有做到“包治百病”,所以是错误的。这种批评不仅错误,而且阻碍了新理论为老问题提供新思路。同时,我们也不能将现代货币理论等同于某种社会改良方案或者财政政策对总需求的“微调”。现代货币理论为非主流经济学的发展带来了生机和活力。As modern monetary theory(MMT)is attracting more and more attention,a fierce debate on MMT is ongoing in the community of non-mainstream economics.This paper summarizes and comments on the main issues of the debate and clarifies the critics'misunderstandings of MMT.On one hand,at the theoretical level,some critics believe that MMT treats tax payment as the only reason for money demand and regards money supply as being exogenously controlled by the Treasury;some other critics argue that consolidating the Treasury and the central bank by MMT is misleading.These views are all misunderstandings of MMT.Clarifying these misunderstandings can make us understand the consistency of the two sides in monetary theory.On the other hand,at the non-theoretical level,the criticism of MMT is flawed:some critics argue that the propaganda of MMT is too radical and new policies can be better implemented if following traditional ideas.But the critics failed to explain how to achieve this with the prevalence of fiscal conservatism.Some other critics argue that MMT is wrong because it cannot solve all problems.This criticism not only is wrong but also prevents MMT from providing new solutions to old problems.Besides,MMT is not equal to a“fine-tuning”policy or a social improvement project.MMT brings vitality to the development of nonmainstream economics.

关 键 词：现代货币理论 非主流经济学 后凯恩斯主义 经济政策 

分 类 号：F83[经济管理—金融学]