西南区油菜品种早熟适宜机收特性评价及适宜密度筛选  

Identification of Early Maturing Rape Varieties Suitable for Mechanized Harvesting in Southwest China and Selection of Suitable Density

作　　者：原小燕[1] 符明联[1] 李根泽[1] 李庆刚 张美玲 董云松[1] 唐容 付绍红[4] 林权[5] 殷家明[6] YUAN Xiao-yan;FU Ming-lian;LI Gen-ze;LI Qing-gang;ZHANG Mei-ling;DONG Yun-song;TANG Rong;FU Shao-hong;LIN Quan;YIN Jia-ming(Industrial Crop Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Luoping Seed Management,Yunnan Luoping 655800,China;Guizhou Oil Research Institute,Guizhou Guiyang 565109,China;Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Sichuan Chengdu 611130,China;Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sichuan Yibin 644000,China;Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]罗平县种子管理站,云南罗平655800 [3]贵州省油料研究所,贵州贵阳565109 [4]成都市农林科学院,四川成都611130 [5]宜宾市农业科学院,四川宜宾644000 [6]西南大学,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第6期1140-1145,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0100503);云南省创新人材培养对象项目(2017HB086);云南省现代农业油菜产业技术体系建设(2017KGTX005)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选早熟、适宜机械化收获的油菜新品种及适宜的种植密度,为西南区早熟油菜机械化生产提供技术支持。【方法】通过对西南地区5家单位近年来育成的15个油菜品种的早熟性、适宜机械化收获的株型、抗裂角性、茎秆抗折性、抗倒伏性等关键指标进行评价,筛选适宜机械化收获的早熟油菜品种。同时对不同种植密度下的产量、产量相关性状进行分析,探索适宜种植密度。【结果】参试品种中,大于73%的品种早熟性突出,53%的品种花期集中成熟一致性好,30%的品种适宜机收特性好;云油杂12号、渝油55、宜早油一号早熟性及适宜机械化收获特性突出;随着种植密度增加,参试品种产量均先增后减;选用紧凑株型品种,适当增加密度可以降低株高和单株重,减轻倒伏从而增加产量;抗裂角指数和每角粒数、千粒重均呈正相关,尤其与千粒重相关系数大于0.49。【结论】本研究筛选出3个早熟适宜机收的油菜新品种,所有品种均表现为在20万株/hm^2条件下产量最高。【Objective】In order to provide technical support for mechanized production of early maturing rape in Southwest China,the new varieties and planting density suitable for early maturing and mechanized harvesting were selected.【Method】Through the analysis and comparison of the growth period and multiple harvest related indexes of 15 rape varieties bred by 5 units in Southwest China in recent years,the paper evaluated the early maturing and the key indexes of suitable for mechanized harvest,and analyzed the correlation analysis of yield,related characters and multiple indexes of suitable for mechanized harvest under different planting density for obtaining suitable planting density.【Result】 The results showed that more than 73 % of the varieties had outstanding precocity,and 53 % had good consistency of concentrated maturity,and 30 % had good suitable harvest indexes.Three varieties,Yunyouza No.12,Yuyou 55,Yizaoyou No.1,had the outstanding characteristics of early maturity and suitable for mechanized harvesting.With the increase of planting density,the yield of the varieties increased first and then decreased.Selecting compact plant type varieties and increasing density properly could reduce plant height and weight per plant,reduce lodging and increase yield.There was a positive correlation between the crack resistance index and the number of grains per corner and 1000 grain weight,especially the correlation coefficient with 1000 grain weight was more than 0.49.【Conclusion】In this experiment,three new early maturing rape varieties suitable for mechanical harvest were selected,and all of them showed the highest yield under the condition of 200 000 plants/hm^2.

关 键 词：机械化收获 西南地区 早熟油菜品种 密度 

分 类 号：S565[农业科学—作物学]