进取性的“地方主义”与农民的自我城市化进取性的“地方主义”与农民的自我城市化——以湖北省毛市镇面点产业为例  

Enterprising“Localism”and the Self-urbanization of Farmers:With the Pastry Industry in Maoshi Town,Hubei Province as An Example

作　　者：夏循祥[1] Xia Xunxiang(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Sun Yat-sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院

出　　处：《开放时代》2020年第4期39-56,M0003,M0004,共20页Open Times

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“村落内部的社会组织场域及其文化机制研究”(项目批准号:17BSH089)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全面的城市化不仅包括城市户籍人口的增加,也包括农村户籍人口在经济、日常生活和思维等三个层面与城市生活的连接,即农民的城市化。20世纪90年代前后,湖北省监利县毛市镇原先以水稻为主要产业的一群农民,从无到有地在全国各种类型的城市中创造了规模巨大的"面点经济"。从最初的零散打工、手工制作到现在的机械化、品牌化和集团化,他们的面点生意逐步提档升级,推动了以早餐制作为主的上下游产业发展,以自身的创造力推动了非正式经济向正式经济的转化。在这个同乡同业经济的发生、发展和壮大的过程中,政策与法规的规管、市场利益的驱动,以及农民对自我概念的捕获,使这群流动的农民形成了有意识的自我城市化。而当地政府、行业协会和众多个体所形成的"进取的地方主义",为城乡一体化提供了新的思路。Comprehensive urbanization includes not only the increase of urban registered household population,but also how the rural population is incorporated into the urban life in terms of economic activity,daily life,and thinking,and this is the urbanization of farmers.Since the 1990s,a group of farmers from the Maoshi town of Jianli County,who used to be rice growers,moved to various types of cities where they created a large-scale"pastry economy".They started as employed or self-employed handcraft bakers and gradually promoted themselves to be owners of mechanized pastry businesses with their own brand names.Their creativity helped turn an informal economy into a formal one.Their successes have given a spur to the upstream and downstream industries centered on breakfast industry.In the process of the expansion of this folk-based industry,the regulation of the policy and legal system,the drive of market interests,and the formation of self-identity of the migrant farmers have all contributed to the self-urbanization of these farmers-turned-business people.The"Enterprising localism"formed jointly by the local government,the trade associations and the individuals has opened up a new possibility for the integration of urban and rural areas.

关 键 词：社会经济 同乡同业 社会关系 地方主义方法论 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F299.27F719.3