碳化水驱提高采收率研究进展  

Reviewof enhanced oil recovery by carbonated water injection

作　　者：于海洋 陈哲伟 芦鑫 程时清 谢启超[2] 屈雪峰[2] YU Haiyang;CHEN Zhewei;LU Xin;CHENG Shiqing;XIE Qichao;QU Xuefeng(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum-Beijing,Beijing 102249,China;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Petro China Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京102249 [2]中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,西安710018

出　　处：《石油科学通报》2020年第2期204-228,共25页Petroleum Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目51874317;国家科技重大专项2017ZX05069003联合资助。

摘　　要：碳化水驱是指将CO2溶解在水中再注入地层驱油的方法。碳化水驱结合了CO2驱和水驱的优势,具有较好的驱油效率和波及效率,是一种具有广阔前景的提高油藏采收率的方法。自上世纪50年代以来,诸多学者对碳化水驱进行研究,开展了多项室内实验和矿场试验。本文综述了当前国内外碳化水驱机理、实验研究、数值模拟研究、矿场应用、驱替参数敏感性分析等方面内容。碳化水驱的主要增油机理包括原油膨胀、打破水锁效应、原油降粘、改变储层润湿性、降低界面张力等。室内实验结果表明,碳化水驱比水驱和CO2驱有更好的增油效果,碳化水渗吸能够进一步提高渗吸采收率、渗吸速率。矿场试验表明,碳化水驱能够有效提高产油量,并提高注入井的注入能力。在碳化水驱相关理论研究中,学者提出多种模型描述CO2从水相传递至油相的过程,以便于准确获取油水体系中CO2的分配系数和扩散系数。碳化水驱敏感性因素分析研究表明,影响碳化水驱效果的主要因素有碳化水中CO2浓度、注入时机、注入速度和盐度,此外利用表面活性剂协同作用可以进一步提高碳化水驱的增油效果。但是,碳化水驱现场应用面临两个主要问题,一是碳化水对套管的腐蚀性较强,二是碳化水驱过程中可能导致沥青沉降。Carbonated water injection(CWI)refers to a method of injecting brine saturated with CO2 into the formation to displace oil.CWI is a promising enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method because it combines the advantages of CO2 flooding and water flooding.This has a better oil displacement efficiency than water flooding and better sweep efficiency than CO2 flooding.Since the 1950s,many scholars conducted studies of CWI,including lab experiments and pilot tests in oil fields.This paper reviews the current research into the CWI method.This covers the CWI EOR mechanisms,experimental studies,numerical simulation,field application,sensitivity analysis of displacement parameters and current problems.The main CWI EOR mechanisms include oil swelling,reducing the water shield effect,oil viscosity reduction,wettability alteration,and interfacial tension reduction.The results of laboratory experiments show that CWI has better oil recovery than either water flooding or CO2 flooding.Compared with water imbibition,carbonated water imbibition has a better imbibition recovery and imbibition rate.Field application indicates that CWI can significantly increase oil production and improve injection capacity of injection wells.In theoretical studies of CWI,some scholars proposed various models to describe the mass transfer process of CO2 from the aqueous phase to the oil phase,which involves the partition coefficient and diffusion coefficient of CO2.The most relevant parameters for CWI performance include carbonated water concentration,the timing for injection,injection rate,and salinity.Meanwhile,the presence of surfactant can further improve CWI performance,leading to better oil recovery.At present,there are two main problems for CWI application.One is that carbonated water can corrode metal material such as tubing,and the other is the possible occurrence of asphaltene precipitation during CWI.

关 键 词：碳化水 提高采收率 CO2 致密油藏 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]