2005~2017年中国七大水系水质变化趋势分析  

Research on water quality variation of seven major water systems in China from 2005 to 2017

作　　者：张宝锋 陈峰[1] 田晓庆[2] 王奕奕[1] 张磊[3] ZHANG Baofeng;CHEN Feng;TIAN Xiaoqing;WANG Yiyi;ZHANG Lei(Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Hangzhou 310007,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018,China;Tangshan College,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市环境监测中心站,浙江杭州310007 [2]杭州电子科技大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310018 [3]唐山学院,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《人民长江》2020年第7期33-39,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51709070);杭州市科技发展计划项目(2019B8345014)。

摘　　要：根据2005~2017年间我国水环境监测数据,综合分析我国长江、黄河、珠江、松花江、海河、辽河、淮河七大流域地表水环境质量状况及年际变化。结果表明:2005年,珠江、长江水系水质较好,辽河、淮河、黄河、松花江水质较差,海河水体污染严重。七大水系中Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水体仅为41.0%,Ⅳ~Ⅴ类水体为32.0%,劣Ⅴ类水体量占27.0%,主要污染指标为氨氮、五日生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和石油类。2017年,七大水系中Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水体占67.9%,比2005年提高了65.6%,年均增长率为4.3%;劣Ⅴ类水体量降低至8.3%,比2005年降低了69.3%,年均下降率为9.4%,主要污染物指标为化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量和总磷,表明我国对劣Ⅴ类地表水的治理效果显著。2005~2017年间七大水系治理效果排名依次为淮河、松花江、长江、辽河、黄河、海河、珠江,2017年七大水系可利用水资源排名依次为珠江、长江、松花江、淮河、黄河、海河、辽河。According to environmental monitoring data of the Yangtze River,Yellow River,Pearl River,Songhua River,Haihe River,Liaohe River and Huaihe River from 2005 to 2017,a comprehensive analysis on environment quality and inter-annual variability of surface water in these rivers was done.The results showed that,in 2005,the water quality of the Pearl River and the Yangtze River were good,and the water quality of the Liaohe River,Huaihe River,Yellow River,Songhua River were bad,the Haihe River was polluted seriously.The proportions of surface water quality of Class I^III,IV^V and inferior class V were 41.0%,32.0%and 27.0%,separately.The major pollutants were ammonia nitrogen,BOD5,permanganate index and petroleum.In 2017,Class I^III surface water in seven rivers of raised to 67.9%,increased by 65.6%compared to 2005,with an average annual growth rate of 4.3%;and inferior class V water was reduced to 8.3%,decreased by 69.3%compared to 2005,with an average annual decrease rate of 9.4%.The major pollutants were COD,BOD5,and TN,indicating that the governance effect of inferior class V water was obvious.The governance effects of the seven major rivers from high to low were the Huaihe River,Songhua River,Yangtze River,Liaohe River,Yellow River,Haihe River and the Pearl River during 2005~2017.In 2017,the water resources of the seven major rivers from high to low were the Pearl River,Yangtze River,Songhua River,Huaihe River,Yellow River,Haihe River,Liaohe River.

关 键 词：水质变化趋势 地表水 七大水系 首要污染物 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]