地球参考框架建立的基准约束及其影响分析  

Datum constraints for establishment of terrestrial reference frame and their effect analysis

作　　者：曾安敏[1,2] 明锋 吴富梅 ZENG Anmin;MING Feng;Wu Fumei(Xi'an Research Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Xi'an 710054,China;State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安测绘研究所,陕西西安710054 [2]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《测绘科学与工程》2020年第2期37-43,共7页Geomatics Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41874016,41474015,41604013);国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0501701)。

摘　　要：地球参考框架是一切测绘活动、地球科学研究的基础。建立地球参考框架的观测是距离观测,距离测量通常是相对测量,为了解决观测方程的秩亏问题,获得点位坐标唯一解,需要附加一定的基准约束。本文针对观测方程的秩亏性,讨论比较了基准定义中参数的随机约束、相似变换约束、坐标转换参数内约束等,分析了这几种约束条件对基准点误差的敏感性、使用范围以及对观测网形的“扭曲性”等,依据随机模型讨论了基准的强弱性。The terrestrial reference frame(TRF)is the physical basis for all surveying and mapping activities and geo-science research.The observations for establishing TRF are distance measurements,which are usually relative measurements.To solve the problem of rank deficiency of the observation equation and obtain the unique solution of point coordinates,it is essential to add certain datum constraints on relative observations.Different constraint methods,including random constraint,similarity transform constraint,coordinate transfbnn parameter internal constraint and their effects on datum definition are analyzed and compared.The sensitivity of these constraints to the gross error of datum point,the range of application and the "distortion"of observation network are analyzed and compared.The strength of datum is discussed based on the random model.

关 键 词：地球参考框架 基准约束条件 坐标转换 内约束 坐标基准 

分 类 号：P227[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]