自然保护区管理中生态与娱乐属性的权衡:一个选择实验的应用  

Trade-offs between ecological and recreational attributes in nature reserve management:an application of choice experiment

作　　者：许荔珊 敖长林[1] 毛碧琦 成杨 刘葆奇 马建华 XU Lishan;AO Changlin;MAO Biqi;CHENG Yang;LIU Baoqi;MA Jianhua(Department of Management Science and Engineering,Northeast Agriculture University,Harbin 150030,China;Faculty of Economic and Management,Mudanjiang Normal University,Mudanjiang 157011,China;Faculty of Economic and Management,Northeast Agriculture University,Harbin 150030,China;Zhalong National Nature Reserve Authority of Heilongjiang,Qiqihaer 161000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学管理科学与工程系,哈尔滨150030 [2]牡丹江师范学院经济与管理学院,牡丹江157011 [3]东北农业大学经济与管理学院,哈尔滨150030 [4]黑龙江省扎龙国家级自然保护区管理局,齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《生态学报》2020年第12期3944-3954,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71171044,71874026);东北亚区域经济研究中心平台项目(PT2018008)。

摘　　要：随着自然保护区多样化的发展以及旅游需求的日益增长,保护区管理者面临着保护生态环境与满足娱乐需求的双重压力,这使得保护区管理者需要更多的信息进行决策。以中国东北部的扎龙国家级自然保护区为例,进行了一项选择实验,选取生物多样性、预期游客数量、景区的环境教育设施、门票价格等4个属性,分别采用多项logit模型、随机参数logit模型和潜在分类模型,探究游客在可能存在冲突的管理优先级之间的偏好。目的是揭示游客如何评价保护区不同的管理属性,以及各属性的边际支付意愿和偏好,并根据这些信息制定有效的保护区管理指南。研究结果表明生物多样性是保护区游客最关注的属性,并且游客对于生态属性的关注度高于娱乐属性。因此,保护区管理者应首先维持并改善生物多样性及其生态环境,在不破坏生态环境的基础上开发具有环境教育作用的娱乐服务。此外,研究发现游客可分为生态友好型和价格敏感型两种类别,不同类型的群体对游览保护区存在不同偏好,女性和年轻的受访者对生态更友好,男性和年长的受访者对价格更敏感。本文的贡献是将某一方面属性价值的描述扩展到涵盖多个管理属性的研究,并为保护区管理中生态与娱乐的权衡问题提供了更具体的见解。With the diversified development of nature reserves and the increasing of tourism demand,the managers of nature reserves are facing with the dual pressure of protecting the ecological environment and meeting the needs of recreation,which makes the managers need more information to make decisions.It is adopted multinomial logit model,random parameter logit model and latent class model to conduct a choice experiment on the preference of tourists among management priorities that may conflict in Zhalong national nature reserve of northeast China.A set of assumed nature reserve attributes and levels is created,including‘biodiversity’,‘expected number of visitors’,‘environmental education facilities’and‘entrance fee’.The purpose is to reveal how tourists evaluate the different management attributes of nature reserves,as well as the marginal willingness to pay and preference for each attribute.Based on this information,we develop effective guidelines for the management of nature reserves.The results show that the tourists are most concerned about biodiversity and attach more importance to ecological attribute than recreational attribute.Therefore,reserve managers should first maintain and improve biodiversity and ecological environment,and then develop recreational services with environmental education function without destroying the environment.Tourists′willingness to pay for‘expected number of visitors’is negative,which leads to the loss of welfare,indicating that the tourists prefer a quiet environment with few people when visiting the nature reserve and other ecological tourism scenic spots.It is also found that the tourists can be divided into two groups,eco-friendly(67.44%)and price-sensitive(32.56%).The tourists in different groups have different preferences for visiting the nature reserve,which reveals the origin of preference heterogeneity.Women and younger respondents are more ecologically friendly,while men and older respondents are more price sensitive.Respondents′willingness to pay f

关 键 词：选择实验 自然保护区 管理有效性 游客偏好 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]