4种嫁接方法对西瓜嫁接苗生长的影响  

Effects of four grafting methods on the growth of watermelon seedings

作　　者：刘明 孙齐宇 黄远[1] 别之龙[1] LIU Ming;SUN Qiyu;HUANG Yuan;BIE Zhilong(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education/College of Horticulture&Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]园艺植物生物学教育部重点试验室·华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2020年第7期19-23,共5页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001901,2016YFD0201008);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系项目(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：为了研究顶插接、改良插接、断根插接和断根贴接4种嫁接方法对西瓜嫁接苗生长和除萌用工的影响,嫁接后置于昼/夜温度为28℃/18℃的人工气候室中管理。结果表明,顶插接的嫁接速率最快,嫁接工效最高;改良插接可显著促进西瓜嫁接苗前期的生长发育,在1叶1心期,改良插接法不仅促进了西瓜嫁接苗地上部的生长,也促进了嫁接苗根系的发育,有明显的生长优势;而到3叶1心期,断根插接和断根贴接其叶面积显著高于顶插接和改良插接,其光合速率和叶片SPAD也显著高于顶插接,幼苗生长更加整齐,表明在西瓜嫁接苗生长后期,断根嫁接苗有显著优势。断根插接和断根贴接的西瓜嫁接苗除萌次数均为2次,而顶插接和改良插接均为3次,断根插接和断根贴接的除萌时间仅为顶插接的58.7%和44.5%。This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of four kinds of grafting methods(the hole insertion grafting,improved hole insertion grafting,root pruning grafting and splice grafting with root pruning)on the growth of grafted watermelon seedlings and sprout removal time.The grafted seedlings were cultivated in an artificial climate chamber with a day/night temperature of 28/18℃.The results showed that the hole insertion grafting exhibited the fastest speed and highest work efficiency in grafting;the improved hole insertion grafting could significantly promote the growth and development of watermelon grafting seedlings in the early stage.At the one-leaf stage,the improved hole insertion grafting not only promoted the growth of the shoot,but also enhanced the development of the root system.At the three-leaf stage,the leaf area of root pruning grafting and splice grafting with root pruning treatments were significantly higher than those of the hole insertion grafting and improved hole insertion grafting treatments,and the photosynthetic rate and leaf SPAD of root pruning grafting and splice grafting with root pruning treatments were also significantly higher than those of the hole insertion grafting treatment,the seedling of which were more uniform,indicating that splice grafting with root pruning treatment had significant advantages in the later growth stage.The root pruning grafting and splice grafting with root pruning methods needed twice to do the sprout removal work,whereas the hole insertion grafting and improved hole insertion grafting methods needed three times.The sprout removal time of root pruning grafting and splice grafting with root pruning were 58.7%and 44.5%of the hole insertion grafting,respectively.

关 键 词：西瓜 嫁接方法 愈合 嫁接工效 除萌时间 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]