黄遵宪的客家民间文学观及其影响  

Huang Zunxian's View on Hakka Folk Literature and the Influence

作　　者：曾晓林 甘云燕 Zeng Xiaolin;Gan Yumyan

机构地区：[1]赣南师范大学马克思主义学院,江西赣州341000 [2]杭州师范大学,杭州310000

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2020年第4期134-140,159,160,共9页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“客家民间文学学术史研究”(项目编号:17BZW037)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黄遵宪是近代杰出的诗人,因客家故乡的文化氛围、家庭环境、家学传承及丰富的驻外经历,他高度认同客家山歌与客家民俗文化,受此影响而提出“诗界革命”,主张“我手写我口”“言文合一”等诗歌创作理论,在晚年时期提出了“杂歌谣”的设想;还辑录整理了许多客家山歌,在诗歌创作中借助客家山歌的形式,使用通俗化语言,创作出带有客家山歌风味、描绘客家民俗风情的诗篇,增厚诗作的文化内涵,使他的诗作成为具有新思想的真我之诗。黄遵宪源自于民间文学的诗歌理论与创作对五四新文化时期的白话文写作、北京大学歌谣运动有着不同程度的影响,值得后人评断与借鉴。Huang Zunxian was an outstanding poet in modern times.Due to the cultural atmosphere of his Hakka hometown,family environment,family heritage and rich overseas experience,he highly identified with the Hakka folklore and Hakka folk culture and advocated the"Revolution in the World of Poetry",proposing such poetry creation theories as"using one's own words to express one's feelings"and"unity of writing and speaking".In his later years,he put forward the idea of"Miscellaneous Songs and Ditties";he also compiled and sorted out many a Hakka folk song,and used popular words and the form of Hakka folk songs to have created poems tinged with the style of Hakka folk songs and depicting Hakka folk customs.In such way of creation,the cultural heritage of his poems were intensified,making his poems the poems to express one's true self with new ideas.Huang's poetry theory and creation originated from folk literature had varying degrees of influence on the vernacular writing during the May 4th New Culture Movement period and the Folklore Movement of Peking University,hence it is worthy of judgment and reference for future generations.

关 键 词：黄遵宪 客家文化 客家民间文学 诗界革命 杂歌谣 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]