The Distribution Patterns of Timberline and Its Response to Climate Change in the Himalayas  

喜马拉雅地区林线格局及其对气候变化的响应

作　　者：SHI Peili WU Ning Gopal SRAWAT 石培礼;吴宁;Gopal SRAWAT(中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041;印度野生动物研究所,印度北阿坎德邦德拉敦248001)

机构地区：[1]Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China [2]Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China [3]Wildlife Institute of India,Dehradun 248001,Uttaranchal,India

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2020年第4期342-348,共7页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Natural Science Foundation of China and ICIMOD Joint Research Project(41661144045)。

摘　　要：Himalayan region represents the highest and most diverse treeline over the world.As one of the most conspicuous boundaries between montane forests and alpine vegetation,the alpine timberline attracted the interest of researchers for many decades.However,timberline in the Himalayas is understudied compared with European counterparts due to remoteness.Here we review the distribution pattern of timberline and its climatic condition,the carbon and nutrient supply mechanism for treeline formation,and treeline shift and treeline tree recruitment under climate change scenarios.Growth limitation,rather than carbon source limitation is the physiological cause of timberline under the low temperature condition.Nutrient limitation and water stress are not the direct cause of timberline formation.However,more clear local limitation factors are need to integrate in order to enable us to predict the potential impacts and changes caused by human activity and related global change in this sensitive region.喜马拉雅地区拥有世界上最高和最多样的林线.亚高山林线作为山地森林和高山植被之间最明显的边界之一,多年来一直吸引着研究者的兴趣.然而,由于地理位置偏远,与欧洲同领域的研究相比,喜马拉雅山脉的林线生态学研究不足.本文综述了气候变化情景下喜马拉雅地区的植物区系组成、林线的分布格局和气候条件,形成林线的碳供应机制,以及气候变化影响下林线的迁移和林木更新.研究发现西藏东部地区是喜马拉雅林线分布最高的地区,大果圆柏和川西云杉是分布最高的林线树种,林线是低温限制导致植物生长受限形成的,全球林线有相当一致的低温阈值,而水分和养分并非林线形成的全球限制因子.在未来全球变暖的情况下,预计林线将向更高海拔推进,但在大多数情况下,林线交错带树木更新增加比林线推进更常见.为了使我们能够预测人类活动和相关的全球变化对这一敏感区域的潜在影响和变化,需要对林线交错带进行更详细的机制研究.

关 键 词：TIMBERLINE treeline ecotone floristic and species composition carbon and nutrient relation climate change timberline shift 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]