反实在论的历史主义策略探究  

A Study on the Historicist Strategy of Anti-realism

作　　者：顾益 GU Yi(School of Marxism,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学马克思主义学院,无锡214122

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2020年第6期21-26,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究基金项目“科学实在论的局部连续性策略研究”(2018SJA0823);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“科学哲学中的潜在理论问题研究”(JUSRP11872)。

摘　　要：对科学实在论长期而有力的挑战来自于科学史探究。悲观归纳论者指出非奇迹论证将指称的实在性和连续性作为理论近似真标志的观点完全违背科学史。当代实在论者运用局部化策略,通过回顾科学史指出过去成功理论中近似真的部分继续为实在论辩护,但他们的"惨胜"为反实在论提供了新的论据。斯坦福进一步提出历史明示策略,通过全面的科学史研究支持其反实在的均变论主张,认为科学共同体最终抛弃当前最佳科学理论,选择后来构想出的全新理论的巨变不会停止。但反实在论者对历史主义策略的依赖以及避免走向激进的举措,也使其只建立起狭隘的合理性和进步性观点。The persistent and powerful challenge to scientific realism comes from the exploration of the history of science. The pessimistic induction points out that it is completely contrary to the history of science that, No Miracle Argument uses the reality and continuity of references as the sign of approximate truth. Contemporary realists try to defend realism by reviewing the history of science, they use localized strategies to point out that some parts of past success theories are continuing to be approximately true. But their pyrrhic victory provides new cases for anti-realism. Stanford proposes the strategy of historical ostension to support his Uniformitarianism through a comprehensive inquiry of history of science. He believes a nonstop pattern that the scientific community eventually abandoned the current best scientific theory and choose a new theory that was unconceived previously. But reliance on historicist strategy and the avoidance of radical views have also led anti-realists to establish a narrow viewpoint of theoretical rationality and progressive.

关 键 词：反实在论 悲观归纳 局部化策略 均变论 历史明示策略 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]