秸秆覆盖对农田土壤风蚀及细颗粒物释放的影响  被引量:6

Effects of Straw Mulch on Soil Wind Erosion and Fine Particulate Matter Release in Farmland

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作  者:邱云霄 黎燕武 余新晓[1] 贾国栋[1] 孙乐乐 王渝淞 QIU Yunxiao;LI Yanwu;YU Xinxiao;JIA Guodong;SUN Lele;WANG Yusong(Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083;Jiangxi Nuclear Industry Environmental Protection Center, Nanchang 330002;Yellow River Survey, Planning, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000)

机构地区:[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]江西核工业环境保护中心,南昌330002 [3]黄河堪测规划设计研究院有限公司,郑州450000

出  处:《水土保持学报》2020年第4期131-136,144,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基  金:坝上高原及华北北部山地沙化土地治理与沙产业技术研发及示范项目(2016YFC0500802);林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心项目(PXM2018_014207_000024)。

摘  要:为了确定保护性耕作措施对北京周边农田土壤风蚀及颗粒物释放的影响,通过风洞模拟试验,对比不同风速和不同覆盖度下农田土壤风蚀速率及TSP、PM10、PM2.5、PM1的释放差异,并分析了4种细颗粒物在风蚀物中的占比。结果表明:(1)当风速<12 m/s时,秸秆覆盖度达到20%能显著降低风蚀速率,当风速>16 m/s时,秸秆覆盖度需达到40%才能达到理想的防风蚀效果。(2)TSP、PM10、PM2.5、PM14种细颗粒物的释放量与风速呈正指数函数关系,与覆盖度呈负指数函数关系;随风速的增加,4种细颗粒物的释放能力为A>B1>B2>B3>B4>B5,当覆盖度<10%或>60%时,细颗粒物的释放量随风速增大差异逐渐减小;覆盖度达60%以上时,细颗粒物的释放量基本达到稳定值。(3)TSP、PM10、PM2.5、PM14种细颗粒物在风蚀物中的占比随风速的增加而降低,当覆盖度>60%时占比接近稳定。To study the influence of protective farming methods on wind erosion in farmland and particulate emission in the surrounding areas of Beijing city,the wind erosion rates of farmland and the emission situations of TSP,PM10,PM2.5,and PM1 under different wind speeds and different degrees of coverage were compared by wind tunnel experiments,and the proportions of these 4 kinds of particulates in Aeolian deposits were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)When the wind speed is less than 12 m/s,a mere 20%of straw coverage would significantly lower the wind erosion rate,and when the wind speed is greater than 16 m/s,a coverage rate of at least 40%could resist wind erosion effectively.(2)The relationship between the emissions of TSP,PM10,PM2.5,PM1,and wind speed was a positive exponential function,and that with the coverage was a negative exponential function.As wind speed increases,the releasing abilities of 4 fine particulate matters could be represented like this:A>B1>B2>B3>B4>B5.When the coverage rate was less than 10%or greater than 60%,the differences of bust sizes of fine particulates decreased as wind speed rose,and when the rate upped to more than 60%,the bust size tended to be stable.(3)The proportions of 4 fine particulates in Aeolian deposits decreased as the wind speeds increased,and the numbers became stable when the coverage rate was greater than 60%.

关 键 词:保护性耕作措施 农田 土壤风蚀 扬尘颗粒物 

分 类 号:S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]

 

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