论中国自贸试验区管理委员会的法律地位  

The Legal Status of the Management Committees in China’s Pilot Free Trade Zones

作　　者：陈建科[1] Chen Jianke

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校(江苏省行政学院)政府研究所

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2020年第3期10-25,共16页Law and Modernization

基　　金：中共江苏省委党校(江苏省行政学院)一般课题《自贸区试点与其他开放平台联动发展研究》的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：解决好中国自贸试验区管委会的法律地位问题,是支撑自贸试验区管委会之行政组织法治建设的关键一环。在现有理论工具中,有"派出机构说""派出机关说""公务法人说""私人行政主体说""法定机构说"等五种学说可供选择。按照法律依据、职权内容、权力运行、责任履行以及理论格局等五项标准,"法定机构说"具有一定的现实基础和理论基础,兼具其他学说的一种或者多种要素,是解决中国自贸试验区管委会法律地位问题适当而权宜的理论工具。法定机构的法理逻辑也应据此五项标准展开,即以专门立法作为其设立和运作的基础和依据,建立决策、执行和监督相互衔接、有效制衡的法人治理结构,赋予其完全的权利能力以及独立、综合而灵活的行政权责,实行多样而灵活的运行机制。当然在法定机构的逻辑建构过程中也不能忽视其阶段性和过渡性特征。Determining the legal status of the management committees in China’s pilot free trade zones is key to solving the administrative organization problem facing pilot free trade zones.Currently,there are five theories which can be used to understand the issue:they regard the management committee respectively as a dispatched agency;a dispatched branch;apublic corporation;aprivate administrative subject;and a statutory board.According to the five criteria including legal basis,content of power,operation of power,performance of responsibilities and theoretical structure,the statutory board theory,which possesses theoretical and practical bases and contains one or more elements of other theories,is the most expediently appropriate theoretical tool to solve the legal status problem facing China’s pilot free trade zones.The legal logic behind the status of a statutory board shall be constructed according to these five criteria:with special legislation as the basis and ground for its establishment and operation,it is necessary to build a legal person governance structure in which decision-making,execution and supervision are interconnected and effective checks and balances are established;and the management committee as a statutory board should be given full legal capacity and independent,comprehensive and flexible administrative powers and responsibilities by implementing diverse and flexible operating mechanisms.It is also true that in developing the logic for the management committee as a statutory board we cannot ignore its phased and transitional feature.

关 键 词：自贸试验区 管理委员会 法律地位 法定机构 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]