长期不同施肥对钙质紫色水稻土重金属累积及有效性的影响  

Long-term effect of fertilization on accumulation and availability of heavy metal in a calcareous paddy soil

作　　者：刘灿 秦鱼生[3] 赵秀兰[1,2] LIU Can;QIN Yu-sheng;ZHAO Xiu-lan(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Chongqing 400716,China;Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室,重庆400716 [3]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2020年第7期1494-1502,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800600);国家自然科学基金项目(41471272)。

摘　　要：为探讨长期不同施肥对石灰性紫色水稻土重金属累积及有效性的影响,以四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所长期定位试验为依托,研究了8种不同施肥条件下[不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)、有机肥(M)、有机肥+氮肥(M+N)、有机肥+氮磷肥(M+NP)和有机肥+氮磷钾肥(M+NPK)]土壤理化性质、重金属全量及有效量的变化。结果表明:长期施用氮磷、氮磷钾肥会降低土壤pH、CEC含量,提高土壤有机质、碱解氮及速效磷含量,改善土壤肥力,且与有机肥配施效果更优。长期施用化肥,土壤Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量变化不明显,有机肥及其与化肥配施后土壤Fe、Mn、Pb含量变化也不明显,Cd略有增加,Cu、Zn含量显著提高,但均低于我国农用地土壤环境质量风险筛选值(GB 15618—2018)。化肥对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的有效量影响不明显,磷肥可显著提高有效Fe含量,降低有效Mn含量,而有机肥提高Cu、Pb、Cd有效量,对其有活化效应。相关分析结果表明,土壤重金属有效量与理化性质、元素总量间的相关性因元素的不同而异。研究表明,长期施用化肥及有机肥不会造成石灰性紫色水稻土重金属含量超标的风险。To investigate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on the accumulation and availability of heavy metals in calcareous paddy soil,soil samples were collected from a long-term experimental field established by the Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1982.Eight treatments were included:(1)unfertilized control(CK);(2)chemical nitrogen fertilizer(N);(3)N plus chemical phosphorus fertilizer(NP);(4)NP plus chemical potassium fertilizer(NPK);(5)organic fertilizer(M);(6)M plus N(MN);(7)M plus NP(MNP);and(8)M plus NPK(MNPK).Results showed that long-term application of NP and NPK decreased the values of pH and cation exchange capacity(CEC),but increased the soil organic matter content(SOM),alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),and available phosphorus(AP),and therefore,improved soil fertility.These effects were more profound in the NP and NPK treatments containing organic fertilizer.Chemical fertilizers did not change the total Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd content in soils.Organic fertilizer along with chemical fertilizer significantly increased the Cu and Zn content but did not affect that of other metals.However,all these metals were under the limit prescribed by the Chinese soil environmental quality of agricultural land(GB 15618—2018).Amending the chemical fertilizers did not influence the availability of heavy metals except for treatments with chemical P fertilizer,which significantly increased available Fe,but decreased available Mn in soils.However,treatments with organic fertilizer increased soil available Cu,Pb,and Cd significantly.Correlation analysis showed that the relationships between the availability of heavy metals and the properties in the soil varied with elements.The results reported here indicate that long-term application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers does not cause the risk of excessive heavy metal accumulation in calcareous purple paddy soil.

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 石灰性紫色土 重金属 有效性 

分 类 号：S155.25[农业科学—土壤学] X503.231[农业科学—农业基础科学]