极端嗜热功能菌筛选及其促进堆肥腐熟效果研究  

Screening of functional extreme thermophiles and their effects on improving the maturation of composting

作　　者：王玉 张晶 曹云[2,3,4] 吴华山 黄红英[2,3,4] 刘爱民 WANG Yu;ZHANG Jing;CAO Yun;WU Hua-shan;HUANG Hong-ying;LIU Ai-min(College of Life Sciences,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China;Recycling Agriculture Research Center,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,南京210014 [3]农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,南京210014 [4]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,南京210014

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2020年第7期1633-1642,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(17)2024);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0801403)。

摘　　要：本研究采用富集培养方法从不同高温堆肥环境中分离筛选到9株极端嗜热菌,通过16S rDNA序列比对分析确定其分类地位,通过生长特性研究和酶活测定,优选出6株菌株复配成极端嗜热菌剂,采用模拟堆肥方法研究极端嗜热菌剂促进堆肥腐熟效果。结果表明:本研究分离得到的9株菌分别属于土芽孢杆菌属(Geobacillus sp.)、栖热菌属(Thermus sp.)、副土芽孢杆菌属(Parageobacillus sp.)和红嗜热菌属(Rhodothermus sp.)。所分离菌株最适生长温度均在65~70℃;菌株NY-44、D和E的最适生长pH为9.5,属于嗜碱菌;菌株NY-44最适生长盐浓度为20 g·L^-1,属于嗜盐菌。土芽孢杆菌和副土芽孢杆菌所产蛋白酶活性相对其他菌株较高,且最适反应温度均不低于80℃。在堆肥30 d时,接种极端嗜热菌剂的处理与未接种相比,种子发芽指数(GI)和胡富比(HA/FA)分别提高了35.9%和21.3%。研究结果表明,接种极端嗜热菌剂能加快堆肥腐熟进程,提高堆肥品质。Nine strains of extremely thermophilic bacteria were isolated during the high temperature period of different types of composts,and their classification statuses were identified by 16 S rDNA analysis. Six strains were selected to be compounded into an extremely thermophilic inoculum according to their growth characteristics and enzyme activities. The effects of the extremely thermophilic inoculum on the maturation of composting were studied in a mimic experiment. The results showed that the nine strains isolated in this study belonged to the Geobacillus sp., Thermus sp., Parageobacillus sp., and Rhodothermus sp. The optimal growth temperatures of the isolated strains ranged from 65~70 ℃;Strains NY-44, D, and E were alkalophiles because their optimum growth pH was 9.5. Strain NY-44 was a halophile because its optimum growth salt concentration was 20 g·L^-1. The protease activities of Geobacillus and Parageobacillus strains were higher than those of other strains, and their optimal reaction temperatures were over 80 ℃. The seed germination index(GI)and the ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids(HA/FA)in the extreme thermophilic bacteria inoculation treatment were 35.9% and 21.3% greater than those in the non-inoculation control at 30 days of composting, respectively. The results indicate that inoculation with extreme thermophiles can accelerate the maturation of composting and improve the quality of the compost.

关 键 词：极端嗜热菌 生长特性 酶活 堆肥 腐熟 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]