刑事诉讼中法庭科学证据之科学性发展——以美国法庭科学最新发展为视角  

The Scientific Development of Forensic Science Evidence in Criminal Cases--from the Perspective of the Development of Forensic Science in the USA

作　　者：夏菲[1] XIA Fei(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海200042

出　　处：《中国司法鉴定》2020年第4期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences

摘　　要：法庭科学证据的认定标准在美国经历了无标准、普遍接受标准到科学有效性标准不同的发展阶段。20世纪末以来,DNA鉴定经法律界和科学界的双重审查而发展为达到符合基础有效性科学标准的法庭科学方法,传统比对类法庭科学方法的科学性受到严峻挑战,但同时也处于向更高标准发展的变革时期。我国刑事诉讼中法庭科学证据的使用日益增多,鉴定机构是此类证据的主要提供单位,但是法庭科学证据的科学性问题尚未引起法律界足够重视,法庭科学证据科学性的提高,需要法律界和科学界共同推动。The admission of forensic science evidence in litigation in the USA has gone through the stages of admission without clear standard,“general acceptance”established in the 1920s and“scientific validity”established in the 1990s.Since late 20th century,the scientific validity of DNA analysis has been reviewed in courts,and its foundational validity is accepted by both scientists and the legal circle.The high level of scientific validity challenges the credibility of the traditional forensic science methods.In China,forensic science evidence has been increasingly used in criminal cases and most of which is submitted to courts by internal labs of police departments.The scientific validity of such evidence has not been paid enough attention,while the scientific validity of evidence submitted by police departments needs to be improved.The reliability of forensic evidence can only be guaranteed by ongoing development according to the scientific standard and the strict examination in courts.

关 键 词：法庭科学 证据认定标准 DNA证据 

分 类 号：DF8[政治法律—法学] DF73