建群种更新特征与典型生境异质性的关系——以色季拉山森林群落为例  

Relationship Between Renewal Characteristics of Constructive Species and Heterogeneity of Typical Habitats:Taking Sejila Forest Community as an Example

作　　者：高辉 刘丽娟[6] 方江平 GAO Hui;LIU Li-juan;FANG Jiang-ping(Research Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China;Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area, Ministry of Education, Nyingchi 860000, China;National Key Station of Field Scientific Observation & Experiment, Nyingchi 860000, China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area, Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi 860000, China;United Key Laboratories of Ecological Security, Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi 860000, China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所,中国林芝860000 [2]西藏高原森林生态教育部重点实验室,中国林芝860000 [3]西藏林芝高山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,中国林芝860000 [4]西藏自治区高原森林生态实验室,中国林芝860000 [5]西藏自治区生态安全联合实验室,中国林芝860000 [6]西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院,中国南充637002

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2020年第3期39-46,共8页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：“973”国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2016YFC0502006)。

摘　　要：急尖长苞冷杉(Abies georgei Orr var.smithii(Viguie et Gaussen)Cheng et L.)作为西藏色季拉山气候顶极群落的建群种,其幼苗的补充与更新情况对森林群落演替和群落构建有重要影响。以西藏色季拉山典型森林群落类型为研究对象,采用经典的群落学调查方法对森林群落进行调查,在3种典型生境(急尖长苞冷杉林、林芝云杉林(Picea likiangensis var.linzhiensis)、撂荒草地)中设置三因素(种子埋藏、枯落物干扰、灌草遮荫)两水平的野外播种实验(随机区组设计),对主要建群种冷杉和优势种云杉在3种不同生境中幼苗定居数量和生物量进行为期2年的监测记录。分析结果可知灌草微生境对处于演替早期的草地中乔木幼苗的定居起促进作用,对处于演替后期阶段的森林群落中乔木幼苗的定居起抑制作用;枯落物对演替早期的草地中乔木幼苗的定居表现为正效应,对处于演替后期的生境表现为负效应;种子萌发过程对水分的需求,使得种子埋藏对幼苗定居产生了正效应;但是埋藏种子影响了演替前期阶段对幼苗根系的生物量分配方式,对幼苗根系生长表现出了负效应。通过以上试验筛选出冷杉幼苗定居过程中的关键生态因子,在植被恢复的过程中,根据不同演替阶段冷杉对生境表现出来的不同响应,应采取有针对性的抚育措施,以促进森林群落的更新。The supplement and renewal of the seedlings of Abies georgei Orr var.Smithii(Viguie et Gaussen)Cheng et L.,as a climatic climax community in the Sejila Mountains,Tibet,play an important role in the succession of forest communities and community construction.Taking the typical forest community type of Sejila Mountain in Tibet as the research object,in this work,the forest community was investigated by using the classic community survey method.Three factors,seed burying,litter interference,and shrub grass shading,and two levels of field sowing experiments(random block design)were examined in three typical habitats(Abies georgei Orr var.smithii(Viguie et Gaussen)Cheng et L..Picea likiangensis var.Linzhiensis and abandoned grassland).The number and biomass of seedlings of the main established species fir and spruce in three different habitats had been monitored and recorded over a period of 2 years.Our analysis results show that the shrub grass microhabitat promoted the settlement of arbor seedlings in the grassland in the early succession stage,and inhibited the settlement of arbor seedlings in the forest community in the late succession stage.Litter had a positive effect on the settlement of tree seedlings in the grassland in the early succession stage,but a negative effect on the habitat in the late succession stage.The demand for water in the process of seed germination made the seed burial positive on seedling settlement.Burying the seeds affected the biomass allocation to seedling roots in the early stage of succession,but showed to be negative on seedling root growth.Through the above experiments,key ecological factors in the process of fir tree settlement were unveiled.In the process of vegetation restoration,our results show that,according to the different responses of firs to habitats in different succession stages,targeted tending measures should be taken to promote the regeneration of forest communities.

关 键 词：色季拉山 急尖长苞冷杉 建群种 演替 更新机制 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]