核桃园植保无人机作业参数优选  

Optimization of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)operation parameters in walnut orchards

作　　者：朱晓锋[1] 王明[2] 徐兵强[1] 宋博[1] 闫晓静[2] 杨森[1] 袁会珠[2] ZHU Xiaofeng;WANG Ming;XU Bingqiang;SONG Bo;YAN Xiaojing;YANG Sen;YUAN Huizhu(Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Special Forestry and Fruit Industry,Urumqi 830091,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部西北荒漠作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,特色林果产业国家地方联合工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护》2020年第4期25-32,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆项目计划(指令性)项目(2018E02028)。

摘　　要：为探究植保无人机在核桃园低空低容量喷雾最优作业参数,本文采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,研究了植保无人机喷雾后核桃树上雾滴沉积分布情况。结果表明:影响雾滴覆盖密度和沉积量的主要因素是飞行速度,其次是飞行高度和施药液量;在树高6~7 m的核桃园中植保无人机喷雾效果较优的作业参数是飞行速度2.2~3.0 m/s,飞行高度2.0~2.5 m,施药液量22.5~30.0 L/hm^2,其平均雾滴覆盖密度和沉积量分别为26.36~37.94个/cm^2、0.24~0.29μg/cm^2;不同冠层雾滴覆盖密度和沉积量分布为上层>中层>下层,外围>内膛;喷头型号对雾滴覆盖密度和雾滴直径有显著影响;中等喷头(Teejet110015)处理的沉积量最大,但粗、中、细3种喷头处理间的沉积量无显著性差异;植保无人机和地面人工+机动喷杆喷雾的农药地面流失率分别为3.61%和23.69%,两处理间有显著性差异。本文对无人机在核桃园喷雾作业参数进行了优选,可为无人机对高冠果树的合理喷施、提高喷施效果提供参考和指导。In order to explore the optimal operation parameters of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)spraying in walnut orchards,the deposition distribution of droplets on the walnut trees after UAV spraying was studied using three factors and three levels orthogonal tests.The results showed that the main factor affecting the droplet density and deposition was flight speed,followed by flight height and spray volume.In walnut orchards,where the tree height was 6-7 m,the operation parameters with better spray effect of UAV were flying speed of 2.2-3.0 m/s,flying height of 2.0-2.5 m and spray volume of 22.5-30.0 L/hm^2,and the average droplet density and deposition were 26.36-37.94 deposits/cm^2 and 0.24-0.29μg/cm^2,respectively.The droplet density and deposition on different canopies were distributed from high to low in the upper canopy,middle canopy,lower canopy and outer canopy and inner canopy.The type of nozzle had a significant influence on the droplet density and diameter.Medium nozzle(Teejet110015)had the largest deposition,but there was no significant difference between the three nozzles(Teejet11001,Teejet110015 and Teejet11002).The ground loss rates of pesticides sprayed with UAV and spray boom were 3.61%and 23.69%,respectively,and there was significant difference between the two treatments.In this study,the spraying operation parameters of UAV were optimized in walnut orchards,which could provide a reference and guidance for the rational spraying of UAV on high-crowned fruit trees and the improvement of spraying effect.

关 键 词：植保无人机 作业参数 核桃园 雾滴覆盖密度 沉积量 

分 类 号：S499[农业科学—植物保护]