面向整体政府的改革与行政主体理论的重塑  

Whole of Government Reform and Reconstruction of the Theory of Administrative Subjects

作　　者：王敬波 Wang Jingbo

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法治政府研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2020年第7期103-122,206,207,共22页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：行政主体理论作为行政法学体系的理论原点,自西方舶来之后,被我国行政诉讼的现实需要迅速工具化,难以发挥其理论基础的功能。革新行政主体理论需要回到其本来的世界——公共行政的场域。全面回应我国整体政府改革和社会行政扩展的趋势,按照国家行政和社会行政两个层面改造行政主体理论,将国家作为政治意义上的行政主体,各级政府作为法律意义上的行政主体,“剥夺”各级政府职能部门的行政主体资格。赋予各类从事公共行政的政府外组织“准行政主体”的公法身份。解除行政主体与行政复议被申请人和行政诉讼被告之间的连带关系,按照“谁行为谁被告(复议被申请人)”的原则简化行政救济,有利于更好地保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益。走出行政主体和行政行为的循环论证,将行政主体作为确定行政行为的一个因素。As the theoretical origin of the system of administrative law,the theory of administrative subjects was rapidly instrumentalized by the immediate needs of administrative litigation in China following its importation from the West,which reducing its basic theoretical function.Innovation in the theory of administrative subjects needs to return to its original sphere,that of public administration.In response to trends in China’s overall government reform and expansion of social administration,the theory of administrative subjects should be reformed at the two levels of state administration and social administration.This means regarding the state as the administrative subject in a political sense and governments at all levels as administrative subjects in a legal sense,and thus stripping the functional departments of all levels of government of their qualifications as administrative subjects and endowing all kinds of non-governmental organizations engaged in public administration with the status of“quasi-administrative subjects.”The protection of the legitimate rights and interests of citizens,legal persons and other organizations would be best served by dissolving the joint and several relationship of administrative subjects with the persons to whom application for administrative reconsideration has been made and the defendants in administrative litigation,and by simplifying administrative relief under the principle of“the subject is the defendant”(the persons to whom the application for administrative reconsideration has been made).Getting off the circular arguments of administrative subjects and administrative behavior will be a factor in administrative subjects’determination of their administrative acts.

关 键 词：整体政府 国家行政 社会行政 行政主体理论 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]