农民与土地渐行渐远——土地流转与“三权分置”制度实践  

Farmers are Getting Ever More Distant from the Land-Land Transfer and the“Three Rights Separation”System

作　　者：朱冬亮 Zhu Dongliang

机构地区：[1]厦门大学马克思主义学院,厦门361005 [2]厦门大学中国农村林业改革发展研究基地,厦门361005

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2020年第7期123-144,207,共23页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村基本经营制度实施及变革路径研究”(14ZDA036)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：改革开放40年至今,中国农村土地制度实践经历了从“两权分离”到“三权分置”的重大变革。考察当前“三权分置”实践历程,必须落地于土地流转这一关键场域。通过对全国不同农村地区的田野调查发现,工业化、城镇化的快速推进使得土地规模化集约化流转迅速上升,传统小农经济结构因之趋于解体,农民与土地的关系渐行渐远。“三权分置”制度实践呈现出土地集体所有权实践实体化、承包权实践股份化资产化和经营权实践市场化的新发展特征,同时显现出土地所有权和经营权主体实践地位强化而农户承包权主体实践地位弱化的新演变态势。未来农村土地制度变革,须基于实现乡村全面振兴目标,努力建构新型市场集体经济体制。Since reform and opening up 40 years ago,China’s rural land system has experienced a major change,from the“separation of two rights”to the“separation of three rights.”An investigation of the current practice of the separation of three rights must start from the key area of land transfer.A textual analysis of field survey data in different parts of the Chinese countryside found that the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has led to a rapid rise in large-scale and intensive land circulation.The traditional small peasant economic structure has thus tended to disintegrate,and farmers are getting ever more distant from the land.Moreover,in practice,the“separation of three rights”of rural land has shown some new features:i.e.,the actualization of collective ownership,the shareholding and capitalization of the contractual right,and the marketization of operational rights.At the same time,this shows a new evolutionary trend,i.e.,the strengthening position of land owners and those who have the right to operate the land,with the weakening position of farmers’contract rights.The future reform of the village land system must be based on realizing the goal of comprehensive rural revitalization and must explore the construction of a new market collective economic system.

关 键 词：土地流转 “三权分置”制度实践 市场集体经济体制 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济] F323.6