有机种植对环境和作物品质特征的研究进展  

Research Progress of Organic Cultivation on Environmental and Quality of Agricultural Products

作　　者：简少芬 钟楚 谭桂玉 黄浩[1] 李林轩[1] 张占江[1] JIAN Shaofen;ZHONG Chu;TAN Guiyu;HUANG Hao;LI Linxuan;ZHANG Zhanjiang(China-Switzerland Joint Research Institute of Organic Herbal Medicine,Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants,Nanning,Guangxi 530023;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Conservation and Genetic Improvement,Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants,Nanning,Guangxi 530023)

机构地区：[1]广西药用植物园中瑞有机药材联合研究所,广西南宁530023 [2]广西药用植物园广西药用资源保护与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530023

出　　处：《北方园艺》2020年第12期148-154,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项资助项目(桂科2017AD19001);桂林市科技计划重大专项资助项目(20180102-4);广西药用植物园科研创新团队建设资助项目(2019007)。

摘　　要：在当今人们回归自然,追求绿色、健康的生活理念下,有机农业因其绿色、安全、可持续的特征而受到国内外的普遍重视。该研究总结了有机种植对土壤环境和大气环境的生态效应,以及对作物生长和农产品品质的影响。有机种植能有效改善土壤理化性质和提高土壤生物多样性,但对大气温室气体排放的影响与有机肥种类、肥料施用方式有关。有机种植初期,作物的产量较低,与有机肥养分释放慢、养分无固定比例和病虫害加重等因素有关,但作物的增产潜力较大。通常认为,有机种植能明显提高农产品的品质。有机肥安全性和有效性以及有机农产品品质评价体系是有机农业种植需要解决的两大主要问题,而且有机中药材种植将成为中药材安全生产的发展趋势。With the concept of returning to nature,pursuing green and healthy lifestyle,organic agricultural has attracted widespread attention in the world due to its characters of green,safety and sustainable.This study summarized the ecological effects of organic cultivation on soil and atmospheric environments,and the effects on crop growth and quality of agricultural products.Organic cultivation could effectively improve the soil physical and chemical properties and enhance soil microbial diversity,but the effects on the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were related to manure type and fertilization methods.The yield of crops in the early stage of organic cultivation was significantly lower than that of conventional agriculture,which could be related to the slow release of nutrients,without exact proportion of nutrients and increase of pests and diseases,but it had a great potential of crops yield-increasing.It was generally believed that organic cultivation could significantly improve the quality of agricultural products.Finally,this paper suggested that safety and efficacy of organic fertilizer and quality evaluation system for organic agricultural products were two major problems to be solved in organic farming.The planting of organic Chinese medicinal materials will become a trend in the production of Chinese medicinal materials.

关 键 词：有机种植 土壤环境效应 大气环境效应 作物产量 农产品品质 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S158.3[农业科学—农艺学]