长沙地区2015~2019年无偿献血者血液报废原因分析  

Analysis of the causes of blood discarding of voluntary blood donor in Changsha region from 2015 to 2019

作　　者：曾凡智 陈静[1] 邓叶华 赵飞雪 ZENG Fan-zhi;CHEN Jing;DENG Ye-hua;ZHAO Fei-xue(Department of Laboratory,Changsha Blood Center,Hu′nan Province,Changsha410000,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙血液中心检验科,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2020年第19期187-189,共3页China Modern Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解长沙地区2015~2019年无偿献血者血液筛查不合格情况的原因,寻求减少血液浪费的方法与策略。方法收集2015~2019年长沙地区762845份血液标本检测结果,并对其进行回顾性分析。结果2015~2019年长沙地区无偿献血总人次为762845人次,年采血量逐年呈上升趋势,年不合格率基本持平。总不合格人次为14646人次,不合格率为1.92%。乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)为近5年血液报废最主要的两个因素。其中,不同年份的HBsAg、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体/抗原(抗-HIV/HIV抗原)、ALT不合格率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长沙地区近5年血液筛查不合格情况与相应疾病流行趋势基本相符;建立一支低危且固定的献血队伍,有利于降低血液报废率;为减少由于假阳性所导致的血液报废,应严格血液初步筛查标准,使用特异性更好的试剂。Objective To understand the causes of unqualified blood screening of voluntary unpaid blood donors in Changsha region from 2015 to 2019,looking for methods and strategies to reduce blood waste.Methods The test results of 762845 blood samples in Changsha region from 2015 to 2019 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results From 2015 to 2019,the total number of voluntary blood donors in Changsha region was 762845.The annual blood collection showed an increasing trend year by year,and the annual unqualified rate was basically flat.The total number of unqualified persons was 14646,and the unqualified rate was 1.92%.Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)were the two main factors for scrap of blood sample in the past 5 years.There were statistically significant differences in the unqualified rates of HBsAg,hepatitis C virus antibody(anti-HCV),human immunodeficiency virus antibody/antigen(anti-HIV/HIV antigen),and ALT in different years(P<0.05).Conclusion The unqualified blood screening in Changsha region in the past 5 years is basically consistent with the epidemic trends of corresponding disease.The establishment of a low-risk and fixed blood donation team is conducive to reducing the rate of blood scrapping.In order to reduce blood scrapping due to false positives,the preliminary blood screening criteria should be strict,and reagents with better specificity should be used.

关 键 词：无偿献血 血液筛查 血液报废 不合格率 

分 类 号：R446.6[医药卫生—诊断学]