毛泽东研读《资本论》:理论领悟与实践运用  

On Mao Ze-dong’s Studying Capital: A Critique of Political Economy: Theoretical Comprehension and Practical Application

作　　者：刘召峰[1] Liu Zhao-feng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》2020年第4期79-84,108,共7页Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“马克思主义发展史视域中的拜物教批判理论及其当代价值研究”[15CKS005]阶段性成果。

摘　　要：毛泽东一生多次认真研读《资本论》。通过阅读《资本论》关于资本主义发展史的叙述,毛泽东领悟了"农业机械化并非农业合作化的必要条件"的道理。中国对农业的社会主义改造实践,是毛泽东对马克思主义政治经济学的光辉运用。对于商品生产的存在条件,毛泽东不仅肯定了斯大林所说的"所有制条件",而且补充了"生产力条件"":社会产品大为丰富"。毛泽东严格区分了商品生产与资本主义商品生产,认为商品生产与社会主义制度相结合就是社会主义的商品生产,这是毛泽东对马克思"过渡时期理论"的丰富和发展。消灭私有制(从而消灭剥削)、商品消亡"、限制"以至消灭按劳分配,是不同历史阶段的历史任务或实践举措,不能混淆。Mao Zedong studied Capital:A Critique of Political Economy many times in his life.Through reading the history of capitalist development in it,Mao Zedong understood that"agricultural mechanization is not a necessary condition for agricultural cooperation".China’s practice of socialist agricultural transformation is Mao Ze-dong’s shining application of Marxist political economics.With regard to the existential conditions of commodity production,Mao Ze-dong not only affirmed what Stalin called"the conditions of ownership",but also added"the conditions of productivity":"the great enrichment of social products".Mao strictly distinguished between commodity production and capitalist commodity production,observing that the combination of commodity production and the socialist system is socialist commodity production—this is Mao Zedong’s enrichment and development of Marx’s"theory on the transitional period".The elimination of private ownership(and thus that of exploitation),the demise of commodities,the"restriction"of,and even the elimination of,distribution according to work are historical tasks or practical initiatives at different historical stages which must not be confused.

关 键 词：毛泽东 《资本论》 农业合作化 商品生产的存在条件 社会主义商品生产 

分 类 号：A84[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]