区块链智能合约的法律效力--基于中美比较法视野  

The Legal Effect of Smart Contracts Based on Blockchain Research on the Perspective of Comparative Law between China and the United States

作　　者：李西臣[1] Li Xichen(School of Law,Xihua University,Chengdu Sichuan 610039)

机构地区：[1]西华大学法学院,成都610039

出　　处：《重庆社会科学》2020年第7期73-88,F0002,共17页Chongqing Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“金融科技背景下智能合约的法律问题研究”(19BFX120);国家留学基金委项目“智能合约的法律问题研究”(〔2018〕10006号);教育部春晖计划项目“我国征信业管理中的法律问题研究”(S2015042)。

摘　　要：作为未来数字文明重要基石的智能合约在区块链金融领域正被越来越多地运用到创新实践之中,智能合约是否具有法律效力已成为学界必须回答的问题。外观表现形式为计算机代码的智能合约从本质上看承载着交易方的意思表示,在合同形式自由原则下,可以被理解为高科技背景下创新的合同书面形式。智能合约五要素结构实现了协议自动履行功能,改变了"履行具有不确定性"的传统合同履行方式。符合当事人意思表示的智能合约自动履行具有合法性,但需审查机器意思与当事人意思表示是否相符、机器意思与法律规定是否相符。中美两国都有接受智能合约的法理及法律基础,美国立法和司法先行于中国,在美国法的启示下,中国法可以明确智能合约的法律效力以回应蓬勃发展的金融科技现实。Smart contracts, which are the important cornerstone of the future digital civilization, are increasingly used in financial innovation area. In view of smart contracts’ legal effect, a study is implemented in this paper. Smart contracts, which appear as a set of computer codes, actually carry the mutual consensus of the transaction parties and under the principle of freedom of contract form, smart contracts can be understood as a type of contractual written form in the high-tech context. Then the agreement automatic enforcement was made by the five-element structure, and the traditional situation of enforcement uncertainty was avoided. The automatic execution of smart contracts in accordance with the party’s meaning is legal, but it is necessary to examine whether the meaning of the machine matches the meaning of the party, and whether the machine meaning is in conformity with the legal provisions. Both China and the United States have the jurisprudential and legal basis for accepting smart contracts. American legislation and justice practices precede China. Under the enlightenment of American law, Chinese law can clarify the legal effect of smart contracts in response to the booming financial technology.

关 键 词：智能合约 自动履行 法律效力 中国法 美国法 

分 类 号：DF438[政治法律—经济法学]