放牧家畜采食量的测定  

Determination of Feed Intake of Grazing Livestock

作　　者：金有顺 侯扶江[1] JIN Youshun;HOU Fujiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第7期3012-3030,共19页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31672472);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R50)。

摘　　要：采食是动物-植物相互作用的重要途径,是维持生态系统物质和能量循环的主要过程。动物的生产水平和草地的可持续性取决于动物的采食量,明确放牧家畜采食量是草地管理的关键之一。目前,直接观测法、指示剂法、粪氮指数法和近红外光谱法等现有技术被广泛运用到采食量的测定中。直接观测法利用较低成本对采食量进行计算,但主观性较强;食道瘘管法能够把握采食量却忽略了动物福利;近红外光谱法和饱和链烷烃法在测定采食量的同时能够认识家畜的择食特征。为此,本文对现有常规测定方法进行综述,分析影响测定放牧家畜采食量的主要因素,并提出放牧行为与无人机技术相结合等新思路,为今后草原精准化管理提供技术支撑。Intake is an important way for animal-plant interaction,and also constitute the main process of maintaining substances and energy cycle of the ecosystem.The level of animal production and the sustainability of grassland depend on the intake of livestock,accurate measurement of feed intake of grazing livestock is one of the keys of grassland management.At present,existing techniques such as direct observation method,indicator method,fecal nitrogen index method and near infrared spectrum method are widely used in the measurements of feed intake.For example,direct observation method is capable of completing the measurements by using lower cost but is characterized by the strong subjectivity.The esophageal fistula method is able to measure accurately feed intake while it ignores animal welfare.The near infrared spectroscopy method and saturate alkane method can measure intake,and at the same time,they can observe some features of food selection of livestock.For those reasons,this thesis discussed the existing conventional measurement methods,and also analyzed the main factors that influenced the results of measurement,and proposed some new conceptions,such as the combination of grazing behavior and unmanned aerial vehicle technology,which aimed to provide technical support for accurate grassland management in the future.

关 键 词：草食家畜 干物质采食量 外源指示剂 放牧行为 草地 瘤胃瘘管 NIRS 

分 类 号：S852.2[农业科学—基础兽医学]