饲粮粗纤维水平与砂砾对四川白鹅肠道组织形态、纤维分解酶活性及挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响  

Effects of Dietary Fiber Lever and Grit on Intestinal Morphology,Cellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Volatile Fatty Acid Contents in Sichuan White Geese

作　　者：金灵 罗海凌[1] 高玉云[2] 杨琳[3] JIN Ling;LUO Hailing;GAO Yuyun;YANG Lin(China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Animal Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学国家菌草工程技术研究中心,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学动物科学学院,福州350002 [3]华南农业大学动物科学学院,广州510642

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第7期3403-3411,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金(2018J01599);国家水禽产业技术体系(CARS⁃43⁃14)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮粗纤维(CF)水平和砂砾对鹅肠道组织形态、纤维分解酶活性及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的影响。试验采用双因素试验设计,即是否添加砂砾(-砂砾、+砂砾)以及3个CF水平(4.0%、7.0%、10.0%)。试验选取体重接近的22日龄四川白鹅公鹅648只,分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复18只,饲养至70日龄屠宰采样。结果表明:1)7.0%组和10.0%组空肠绒毛高度显著高于4.0%组(P<0.05),10.0%组盲肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著高于4.0%组和7.0%组(P<0.05);添加砂砾显著降低了盲肠隐窝深度(P<0.05)。2)10.0%组十二指肠纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性显著高于4.0%组(P<0.05);但4.0%组盲肠纤维素酶活性显著高于7.0%组(P<0.05),且其木聚糖酶活性显著高于7.0%组和10.0%组(P<0.05)。3)10.0%组空肠和回肠乙酸含量显著高于7.0%组(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,提高饲粮CF水平改善了22~70日龄鹅的小肠和盲肠绒毛组织形态,促进了鹅小肠的微生物发酵;推荐22~70日龄四川白鹅饲粮CF水平可高达10.0%,水泥地面饲养大鹅阶段可不用添加砂砾。This study was investigated the effects of dietary crude fiber(CF)level and grit on intestinal morphology,cellulolytic enzyme activities and volatile fatty acid contents in geese.This experiment was adopted a two factorial design,which consisting with or without grit addition and three levels of dietary CF(4.0%,7.0%and 10.0%).A total of 648 Sichuan white male geese at 22 days of age were divided into 6 treatments,each with 6 replicates,each replicate with eighteen geese.At 70 days of age,geese were slaughtered to collect samples.The results showed as follow:1)the jejunum villus height in 7.0%group and 10.0%group was significantly higher than that in 4.0%group(P<0.05),and cecal villus height and cecal villus height to crypt depth ratio in 10.0%group were significantly higher than those in 4.0%group and 7.0%group(P<0.05).The addition of grit significantly reduced the depth of the cecal crypt(P<0.05).2)The cellulase and xylanase activities in duodenum in 10.0%group was significantly higher than that in 4.0%group(P<0.05);the cellulase activity in cecum in 4.0%group was significantly higher than that in 7.0%group(P<0.05),and xylanase activity was significantly higher than that in 7.0%group and 10.0%group(P<0.05).3)The acetic acid content in the jejunum and ileum in 10.0%group were significantly higher than those in 7.0%group(P<0.05).In conclusion,increasing dietary CF levels increase the development of the small intestine and cecal villi in growing geese;and mainly promote the microbial fermentation of small intestines in geese.It is recommended that CF level for 22 to 70 aged Sichuan white geese diet can be up to 10%;and there is no need to add grit to growing or finishing geese raised on concrete floor.

关 键 词：粗纤维 砂砾 鹅 肠道组织形态 纤维分解酶 挥发性脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S835[农业科学—畜牧学]