资料短缺平原河流的生态需水量计算——以通顺河武汉段为例  

Calculating Ecological Instream Flow Demand in Data-scarce Plain River:A Case Study of Tongshun River in Wuhan Reach

作　　者：章运超[1] 曾凯 王家生[1] 蔡劲松 ZHANG Yun-chao;ZENG Kai;WANG Jia-sheng;CAI Jin-song(River Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China;Zhejiang Guiren Information Scientific Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310026, China;Wuhan Water Affairs Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院河流研究所,武汉430010 [2]浙江贵仁信息科技股份有限公司,杭州310026 [3]武汉市水务科学研究院,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2020年第7期35-40,共6页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407803)。

摘　　要：各类计算生态需水量的方法多需要长序列实测的水文或生境资料,无法直接适用于资料短缺的河流。在实测资料短缺的平原河流通顺河武汉段上布置10个典型断面,利用人为设定的多级试算流量来替代长序列实测流量,利用MIKE11软件模拟推求河道典型断面水力参数(河宽、水深、流速和湿周等)随流量的变化关系;在此基础上,依据平原河流滩槽明显的特点,选用水力学法中基于水力参数与流量间相关关系的湿周法和生态水力学法分别计算研究河段的生态需水量。计算结果表明,通顺河武汉段的河道基本形态得以维持和生物基本栖息地得以保障时的生态需水量应为26 m^3/s。所提出的计算方案能较好地推求资料短缺地区平原河流的生态需水量,也可为类似河流的生态需水计算提供一定的参考。Conventional methods for calculating ecological instream flow demand could not be applied directly to data-scarce rivers as they require observational hydrological or biological data in long sequence.Tongshun River in Wuhan reach is a plain river with data scarcity as it has obvious swales without data of long sequence.We arranged ten representative sections in Tongshun River in Wuhan reach,and replaced long-sequence measured flow with artificial trial flow to obtain the relationship between artificial trial flow and hydraulic parameters such as river width,water depth,average velocity and wetted perimeter using MIKE11.On this basis,we calculated the ecological instream flow demand in the study area using the wetted perimeter method and the eco-hydraulics method which are based on the correlation between hydraulic parameters and discharge.Results demonstrated that the ecological instream flow demand on the prerequisite of maintaining the basic morphology and habitat of Tongshun River should be at 26 m^3/s.The calculation scheme proposed in this paper provides a feasible means to calculating the ecological instream flow demand in data-scarce plain rivers.

关 键 词：生态需水量 资料短缺 湿周法 生态水力学法 通顺河武汉段 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]