异源细胞质对小麦雄性不育系主要农艺性状、花粉粒核分裂及花药绒毡层降解的影响  

Effects of Alloplasmic Cytoplasms on Main Agronomic Traits,Pollen Grains Nuclear Division and Anther Tapetum Degradation of Male Sterile Lines in Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

作　　者：罗茜 周雨馨 马瑞 蒋韫博 张改生[1,2] 刘明宇 牛娜[1] 宋瑜龙[1,2] LUO Qian;ZHOU Yuxin;MA Rui;JIANG Yunbo;ZHANG Gaisheng;LIU Mingyu;NIU Na;SONG Yulong(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University/National Yangling Agricultural Biotechnology&Breeding Center/Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Center/Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院/国家杨凌农业生物技术育种中心/国家小麦改良中心杨凌分中心/小麦育种教育部工程研究中心/陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《核农学报》2020年第8期1631-1644,共14页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31701500);中国博士后科学基金(2017M613222);大学生创新训练计划项目(201710712001);陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2018NY-086)。

摘　　要：为了更好地利用核质互作小麦雄性不育系并解析不同类型细胞核与异源细胞质互作对花药绒毡层细胞及花粉粒核分裂特征的影响,本研究以2套核(偃师9号细胞核和90-110细胞核)质(K型、B型、S型、V型和Ven型细胞质)互作雄性不育系及其保持系(偃师9号保持系和90-110保持系;偃师9号细胞核属1B/1R类型;90-110细胞核属非1B/1R类型)为材料,调查其主要农艺性状(株高、穗长、穗下节间长和分蘖数),观察不育系及其保持系花药绒毡层降解和花粉粒核分裂特征。结果表明,核质互作雄性不育系细胞核是1B/1R类型或非1B/1R类型时,其农艺性状受细胞质类型的影响,且存在不同程度的差异。S-偃师9号花粉粒核分裂异常发生在单核早期,属典败型;Ven-偃师9号花粉粒核分裂异常发生在单核晚期,属典染杂合型;K-偃师9号和V-偃师9号花粉粒核分裂异常发生在二核期,属染败型;B-偃师9号花粉粒核分裂异常发生在三核期,属染败型。K-90-110与S-90-110花粉粒核分裂异常发生在单核晚期,分别属染败型和圆败型;V-90-110和Ven-90-110花粉粒核分裂异常发生在二核期,V-90-110属染败型,Ven-90-110属典染杂合型;B-90-110花粉粒核分裂异常发生在三核期,属染败型。V-偃师9号和Ven-偃师9号花药绒毡层细胞降解异常发生在单核早期,K-偃师9号和B-偃师9号花药绒毡层细胞降解异常发生在二核期,而S-偃师9号花药绒毡层细胞降解异常发生在三核期;B-90-110、S-90-110和Ven-90-110花药绒毡层细胞异常降解发生在单核早期,K-90-110和V-90-110花药绒毡层异常降解发生在单核晚期。上述结果表明,异源细胞质分别与1B/1R类型细胞核和非1B/1R类型细胞核间存在互作模式的差异,会不同程度地影响核质互作雄性不育系的农艺性状,同时引发花药绒毡层细胞差异性代谢异常,最终导致花粉粒核分裂异常,产生不同的败育类型。本研究为进一步揭示小In order to make better use of nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction wheat male sterile lines and analyze the effects of interaction of different karyotypes and alloplasmic cytoplasms in nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction wheat male sterile lines on the characteristics of anther tapetum cells and nuclear division in pollen grains.The main agronomic traits(plant height,ear length,internode length below spike,and tiller number)of two sets of nucleo(Yanshi 9 and 90-110)-cytoplasmic(K,B,S,Ⅴ,and Ven)interaction male sterile lines and their maintainers(Yanshi 9 and 90-110 maintainers;the nucleus of Yanshi 9 belonged to 1B/1R type;the nucleus of 90-110 belonged to the non-1B/1R type)were investigated in this study.Additionally,the characteristics of pollen grain nuclear division and anther tapetum degradation at four stages were evaluated by using 1.5%aceto-carmine staining and paraffin sections of anthers,as well as the pollen abortion type was determined by iodine staining.The results indicated that when the nucleus of nucleocytoplasmic interaction male sterile lines were derived from 1B/1R or non-1B/1R type,the agronomic traits(plant height,ear length,internode length below spike,and tiller number)were affected by the cytoplasmic type(K,B,S,Ⅴ,and Ven),and varying degrees of differences were observed.Anomalour nuclear division of S-Yanshi 9 pollen grain occurred at the early uninucleate stage,indicating a typical abortion type.Anomalour nuclear division of Ven-Yanshi 9 pollen grain occurred at the late uninucleate stage,indicating a typical-staining hybrid abortion type;K-Yanshi 9 andⅤ-Yanshi 9 pollen grain nuclear divided anomaly occurred at the binucleate stage,indicating a staining abortion type;B-Yanshi 9 pollen grain nuclear divided anomaly occurred at the trinucleate stage,indicating a staining abortion type.The abnormal nuclear division of pollen grains of K-90-110 and S-90-110 occurred at the late uninucleate stage,and belonged to staining and spherical abortion type,respectively.The abnormal pollen grain nuclear d

关 键 词：小麦 农艺性状 核型发育 绒毡层降解 核质互作雄性不育 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]