数据时代网络爬虫的刑法规制  

Criminal Regulation of Web Crawler in the Data Age

作　　者：杨志琼[1,2] Yang Zhiqiong

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院 [2]东南大学法学院网络安全法治研究中心

出　　处：《比较法研究》2020年第4期185-200,共16页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：2019年度国家法治与法学理论研究一般课题“人工智能社会风险的法律规制研究”(项目编号:10SFB2001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：网络爬虫具有促进数据共享与侵犯数据权利的两面性,域内外司法实践呈现出"严厉"与"缓和"的不同趋势,但都未能有效识别网络爬虫的技术特征和数据类型,由此而面临部门法责任界分的难题。私法赋权和公法规制形成了当前各国数据保护体系,这启发我们将网络爬虫的司法规制建立在数据权利的谱系分析之上,而网络爬虫的违法性判断恰恰源于数据主体的上述权利安排,并与数据的开放程度和访问权限密切相关。由此形成了网络爬虫归责体系的两个维度:在行为不法层面,违背民事合约与突破技术措施是界分网络爬虫民刑责任的形式标准;在对象不法层面,开放数据、限制重新使用的数据和限制访问、获取的数据是确定网络爬虫民刑责任内容的实质标准。Web crawlers have the duality of promoting data sharing and infringing on data rights.Judicial practices within and outside the domain show different trends of "stern" and "mitigating".Both fail to effectively identify the technical characteristics and data types of web crawlers and face the difficulty of division departmental legal responsibility.The empowerment of private law and public regulations have formed the current data protection systems of various countries,which has inspired us to establish the legal system of web crawlers based on the pedigree analysis of data rights,and the illegality of web crawlers is derived from data.The above-mentioned rights arrangement of the subject is closely related to the openness of the data and access rights.This has formed two dimensions of the liability system of the web crawler:at the level of wrongdoing,violations of civil contracts and breakthrough technical measures are the delimitation of the civil liability and criminal liability;at the level of object,open data,data that restricts reuse,and data that is restricted in access are the substantive standards for determining the content of the civil liability and criminal liability.

关 键 词：网络爬虫 数据权利 访问权限 开放程度 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]