不同耕种模式对小麦群体光合和氮肥利用的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat Population

作　　者：黄杰 禚其翠 司纪升[2] 张立顺 靳华磊 李华伟[2] Huang Jie;Zhuo Qicui;Si Jisheng;Zhang Lishun;Jin Hualei;Li Huawei(Shandong Agricultural Machinery Test and Appraisal Station,Jinan 250100,China;Crop Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Jinan Yongfeng Seed Industry Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250306,China;Shandong Jiaotong University,Jinan 250357,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业机械试验鉴定站,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,山东济南250100 [3]济南永丰种业有限公司,山东济南250306 [4]山东交通学院,山东济南250357

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第7期15-19,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018YFJH0602);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300105-5)。

摘　　要：为解决山东省小麦播种作业环节多、肥料利用率低等问题,本研究在济南、淄博设置小麦振动深松免耕施肥播种(MT处理:使用2BMZS-12-6振动深松免耕施肥播种机)、深翻播种(DT处理)、旋耕播种(RT处理) 3个单环节对比试验,研究不同耕种模式对土壤理化性状、小麦光合生产和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明:小麦振动深松免耕施肥播种可显著降低20~40 cm土层土壤容重,显著提高籽粒氮素含量,较深翻播种、旋耕播种提高氮素收获率和氮肥偏生产效率,显著提高小麦群体透光性和群体光合特性,两试点MT处理小麦产量较RT、DT分别增产7.4%、1.4%和4.4%、2.7%。In order to solve the problems of many agricultural machinery operations and low fertilizer utilization during wheat planting in Shandong Province,three single link comparative tests,which were vibration deep loose no tillage fertilizer seeding( MT),deep plowing seeding( DT) and rotary tillage seeding( RT),were set in Jinan and Zibo to study their effects on soil physical and chemical properties,wheat photosynthetic production and nitrogen use efficiency.The results showed that MT treatment could significantly reduce soil bulk density of 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer,significantly increased the nitrogen content in grain,improve the nitrogen harvest rate and the partial production efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,and significantly improve the light transmittance and the photosynthetic characteristics of the wheat population.Compared with RT and DT treatment,the yield of wheat treated with MT in the two areas increased by 7.4%,1.4% and 4.4%,2.7%,respectively.

关 键 词：小麦 耕种模式 土壤容重 群体光合 氮肥利用 

分 类 号：S512.104.2[农业科学—作物学]